Jethro and the judges (18:1-27) FROZEN
עַתָּ֞ה שְׁמַ֤ע בְּקֹלִי֙ אִיעָ֣צְךָ֔ · ata shema be-qoli-y iatz-kha · 'now hear my voice — I will counsel you'
Derivation log (steps A–J)
| step | name | comment | confidence |
|---|---|---|---|
| A | Block choice | FORWARD ERA run 8, block 2 (owner: "lets do 5 more blocks"). Canon continuation: Exod 18:1-27 — Jethro, whole chapter. | established |
| B | Span + source + conventions | SNAPSHOT prestage: 27 verses, all with etnachta. Volitive census: ONE real push (18:19 the counsel — advisory class, gated at 18:23); 18:20-22's instructions fold into the counsel-card as its content; the greeting, the meal, the court-day are narration. | established |
| C | Machine structure | 1D/1R/1E — the hearing-chapter: the advisory card (18:19) pops at 18:24 on the chapter's own opening verb (heard/ heard) with the unqualified compliance-formula. The convert's offering-event (18:12). The know-ledger's first voluntary foreign deposit (18:11). REGISTRY 0 — Eliezer arrives report-class (name learned here first, no naming-verb; entity file at run-end). Asserted machine evidence: the Torah's two not-goods (Eden/Jethro — both aloneness); the kaved arc completed by ve-haqel; the lean rescue trio; the seek-pair with Rebekah; the vav grown between 18:22 and 18:26; the dropped articles; 616. | tested |
| D | Oral scan (in-pipeline) | Local mirror only (zero fetches): Minchat Shai on Exod 18 (18 notes) + Kitzur Baal HaTurim on Exod 18 (18 notes). Manifest 13 rows: 13 VERIFIED / 0 FAILED / 0 UNCHECKABLE, first run. The did-God pair; the three lean rescues; the camping angel; the on-account pair (printed Masorah convicted); the unique joy + the sevirin; the pointed blessing; the creation-letters; the seek-file; the heavy guard-stroke; the ten-utterance warning; the two counselors; the roster's letters; the grown vav. | established |
| E | Gates | verify_claims.py 13/13 zero FAILED; verify_text.py green; preflight ALL GREEN; gloss_lint clean. Review waived per the revised standing law. | established |
| F | Freeze | status: frozen 2026-08-10 on green mechanical gates (forward-era law). Oral layer in-pipeline. Changes require a new derive pass, not silent edits. Exod 1-18 continuous. | established |
Boot steps — the operator lines (hand-derived, owner-approved)
STEP_Ex_18_1 · Exod.18.1 · JETHRO_HEARS
וַיִּשְׁמַע יִתְרוֹ כֹהֵן מִדְיָן חֹתֵן מֹשֶׁה אֵת כָּל־אֲשֶׁר עָשָׂה אֱלֹהִים לְמֹשֶׁה וּלְיִשְׂרָאֵל עַמּוֹ כִּי־הוֹצִיא יְהוָה אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵל מִמִּצְרָיִם · va-yishma yitro khohen midyan choten moshe et kal-asher asa Elohim le-moshe u-le-yisrael am-o ki-hotzi YHWH et-yisrael mi-mitzrayim · And Jethro, priest of Midian, Moses' father-in-law, heard all that God had done for Moses and for Israel His people — that the LORD had brought Israel out from Egypt.
וַיִּשְׁמַ֞ע יִתְר֨וֹ כֹהֵ֤ן מִדְיָן֙ חֹתֵ֣ן מֹשֶׁ֔ה אֵת֩ כָּל אֲשֶׁ֨ר עָשָׂ֤ה אֱלֹהִים֙ לְמֹשֶׁ֔ה וּלְיִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל עַמּ֑וֹ · va-yishma yitro khohen midyan choten moshe et kal-asher asa Elohim le-moshe u-le-yisrael am-o · and Jethro, priest of Midian, Moses' father-in-law, heard all that God had done for Moses and for Israel His people (etnachta on am-o) [VERIFIED: SNAPSHOT Exod.18.1 idx13 etnachta in-stream]
כִּֽי הוֹצִ֧יא יְהוָ֛ה אֶת יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל מִמִּצְרָֽיִם · ki-hotzi YHWH et-yisrael mi-mitzrayim · that the LORD had brought Israel out from Egypt (verse-final mi-mitzrayim) [VERIFIED: SNAPSHOT Exod.18.1 idx14-19]
| operator | expression | Hebrew anchor | cites | confidence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PRECONDITION_STATE | HOLDS(va_yishma_yitro, t0) = HOLDS(and-yishma-yitro, t0) THE HEARING [EX18-01 CROWN]. va-YISHMA yitro khohen midyan choten moshe — 'and JETHRO HEARD': the chapter opens on the hear-verb it will close on (18:24 — Jethro heard the news; Moses will hear the counsel: the chapter is one ear answering another); WHAT he heard (the readings named): the sea's tearing 'roared until all the kings of east and west heard' — and Amalek's war (the two neighboring chapters as the broadcast); et kol-asher ASA ELOHIM le-moshe u-le- yisrael — the did-God pair (VERIFIED): Miqetz's 'what is this God has DONE to us' (the brothers' terror at the sacks) and Jethro's good news — 'in the language they grieved, in that language came their relief'; and the guest's name is its own credential (asserted at the build): YITRO = HA-TORAH, 616 = 616 — 'he came to convert and to receive the Torah' (the Kitzur's further faces named: the six names; the 613 assembled from his letters); ki HOTZI YHWH et-yisrael mi-mitzrayim — the exodus stated as the headline: the machine notes the verse's own theology: the deed credited to ELOHIM for the household, to YHWH for the nation. | וַיִּשְׁמַע יִתְרוֹ כֹהֵן מִדְיָן חֹתֵן מֹשֶׁה · va-yishma yitro khohen midyan choten moshe = and-yishma yitro khohen midyan choten Moses | — | tested |
STEP_Ex_18_2 · Exod.18.2 · AFTER_HER_SENDING
וַיִּקַּח יִתְרוֹ חֹתֵן מֹשֶׁה אֶת־צִפֹּרָה אֵשֶׁת מֹשֶׁה אַחַר שִׁלּוּחֶיהָ · va-yiqach yitro choten moshe et-tzipora eshet moshe achar shiluche-ha · And Jethro, Moses' father-in-law, took Zipporah, Moses' wife — after her being sent away.
וַיִּקַּ֗ח יִתְרוֹ֙ חֹתֵ֣ן מֹשֶׁ֔ה אֶת צִפֹּרָ֖ה אֵ֣שֶׁת מֹשֶׁ֑ה · va-yiqach yitro choten moshe et-tzipora eshet moshe · and Jethro, Moses' father-in-law, took Zipporah, Moses' wife (etnachta on moshe) [VERIFIED: SNAPSHOT Exod.18.2 idx7 etnachta in-stream]
אַחַ֖ר שִׁלּוּחֶֽיהָ · achar shiluche-ha · after her being sent away (verse-final shiluche-ha) [VERIFIED: SNAPSHOT Exod.18.2 idx8-9]
| operator | expression | Hebrew anchor | cites | confidence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PRECONDITION_STATE | HOLDS(achar_shilucheha, t0) = HOLDS(achar-shilucheha, t0) THE RETURN. va-yiqach yitro... et-TZIPORA eshet moshe — Zipporah RE- ENTERS (4:20 took her toward Egypt; 4:24-26's blood-bridegroom crisis was her last scene; the corpus never narrated the sending the verse now cites); ACHAR SHILUCHEHA — 'after her being SENT AWAY': the send-verb's noun on a wife (the readings the Kitzur carries: sent yet still his wife — 'a king may not take back a divorcee,' so she was never that; the Mekhilta's split on when and why, named- only): the machine holds the surface: the deliverer's own household arrives at the camp as returned freight, ahead of a chapter about what Moses can and cannot carry alone. | אֶת־צִפֹּרָה אֵשֶׁת מֹשֶׁה אַחַר שִׁלּוּחֶיהָ · et-tzipora eshet moshe achar shiluche-ha = tzipora wife-of Moses achar shiluche-the | — | tested |
STEP_Ex_18_3 · Exod.18.3 · GERSHOM
וְאֵת שְׁנֵי בָנֶיהָ אֲשֶׁר שֵׁם הָאֶחָד גֵּרְשֹׁם כִּי אָמַר גֵּר הָיִיתִי בְּאֶרֶץ נָכְרִיָּה · ve-et shene vane-ha asher shem ha-echad gershom ki amar ger hayiti be-eretz nakhriya · And her two sons — of whom the name of the one was Gershom, for he said: A stranger have I been in a foreign land.
וְאֵ֖ת שְׁנֵ֣י בָנֶ֑יהָ · ve-et shene vane-ha · and her two sons (etnachta on vane-ha) [VERIFIED: SNAPSHOT Exod.18.3 idx2 etnachta in-stream]
אֲשֶׁ֨ר שֵׁ֤ם הָֽאֶחָד֙ גֵּֽרְשֹׁ֔ם כִּ֣י אָמַ֔ר גֵּ֣ר הָיִ֔יתִי בְּאֶ֖רֶץ נָכְרִיָּֽה · asher shem ha-echad gershom ki amar ger hayiti be-eretz nakhriya · of whom the name of the one was Gershom, for he said: a stranger have I been in a foreign land (verse-final nakhriya) [VERIFIED: SNAPSHOT Exod.18.3 idx3-12]
| operator | expression | Hebrew anchor | cites | confidence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PRECONDITION_STATE | HOLDS(ger_hayiti_be_eretz_nakhriya, t0) = HOLDS(ger-hayiti-in-earth-nakhriya, t0) THE FIRST NAME. asher shem ha-echad GERSHOM ki amar GER HAYITI be- eretz nakhriya — Gershom's etymology REPLAYED VERBATIM from 2:22 (the corpus's registry holds the write from there; the citation is a read, not a write): 'a STRANGER have I been in a foreign land' — the machine notes what the replay does at this station: the stranger- name is recited at the tent where the strangerhood ENDS (the family reunited at the mount of God) — and the readings the Kitzur files on the naming-order (the condition with Jethro; the son wired to Jonathan the idol-priest's line) stay named-only: the corpus keeps the verse's own face. | הָאֶחָד גֵּרְשֹׁם כִּי אָמַר גֵּר הָיִיתִי בְּאֶרֶץ נָכְרִיָּה · ha-echad gershom ki amar ger hayiti be-eretz nakhriya = the-echad gershom when amar ger hayiti earth nakhriya | — | tested |
STEP_Ex_18_4 · Exod.18.4 · ELIEZER
וְשֵׁם הָאֶחָד אֱלִיעֶזֶר כִּי־אֱלֹהֵי אָבִי בְּעֶזְרִי וַיַּצִּלֵנִי מֵחֶרֶב פַּרְעֹה · ve-shem ha-echad eliezer ki-elohe avi-y be-ezri-y va-yatzile-ni me-cherev paro · And the name of the one was Eliezer — for the God of my father was my help, and delivered me from the sword of Pharaoh.
וְשֵׁ֥ם הָאֶחָ֖ד אֱלִיעֶ֑זֶר · ve-shem ha-echad eliezer · and the name of the one was Eliezer (etnachta on eliezer) [VERIFIED: SNAPSHOT Exod.18.4 idx2 etnachta in-stream]
כִּֽי אֱלֹהֵ֤י אָבִי֙ בְּעֶזְרִ֔י וַיַּצִּלֵ֖נִי מֵחֶ֥רֶב פַּרְעֹֽה · ki-elohe avi-y be-ezri-y va-yatzile-ni me-cherev paro · for the God of my father was my help, and delivered me from the sword of Pharaoh (verse-final paro) [VERIFIED: SNAPSHOT Exod.18.4 idx3-9]
| operator | expression | Hebrew anchor | cites | confidence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PRECONDITION_STATE | HOLDS(elohe_avi_be_ezri, t0) = HOLDS(elohe-avi-in-ezri, t0) THE SECOND NAME [EX18-02]. ve-shem ha-echad ELIEZER — 'and the name of the one was ELIEZER': the corpus LEARNS THIS NAME HERE FIRST (2:22 named only Gershom; 4:20's 'sons' rode unnamed: the registry's long-deferred second son surfaces with his etymology eighteen chapters after his birth-window — the report-class, no naming-verb: the write happened off-stage and the text files the receipt); ki elohe AVI be-EZRI — 'the God of MY FATHER was my HELP'; va-YATZILENI me-CHEREV paro — 'and DELIVERED ME from the SWORD OF PHARAOH' (2:15's flight cited as the etymology): and the rescue-verb is the SECOND OF THE RAMAH'S THREE LEAN SPELLINGS (VERIFIED census at the build; the trio: Reuben's rescue of Joseph, this rescue from the sword, 18:8's rescue of the nation — two of the three in this chapter): the boy's name carries the family's thinnest-written verb. | כִּי־אֱלֹהֵי אָבִי בְּעֶזְרִי וַיַּצִּלֵנִי מֵחֶרֶב פַּרְעֹה · ki-elohe avi-y be-ezri-y va-yatzile-ni me-cherev paro = when-elohe avi-y in-ezri-y and-yatzile-ni from-cherev paro | — | tested |
STEP_Ex_18_5 · Exod.18.5 · TO_THE_MOUNT_OF_GOD
וַיָּבֹא יִתְרוֹ חֹתֵן מֹשֶׁה וּבָנָיו וְאִשְׁתּוֹ אֶל־מֹשֶׁה אֶל־הַמִּדְבָּר אֲשֶׁר־הוּא חֹנֶה שָׁם הַר הָאֱלֹהִים · va-yavo yitro choten moshe u-vanay-v ve-isht-o el-moshe el-ha-midbar asher-hu chone sham har ha-Elohim · And Jethro, Moses' father-in-law, came, and his sons and his wife, to Moses — to the wilderness where he was camping, the mount of God.
וַיָּבֹ֞א יִתְר֨וֹ חֹתֵ֥ן מֹשֶׁ֛ה וּבָנָ֥יו וְאִשְׁתּ֖וֹ אֶל מֹשֶׁ֑ה · va-yavo yitro choten moshe u-vanay-v ve-isht-o el-moshe · and Jethro, Moses' father-in-law, came, and his sons and his wife, to Moses (etnachta on moshe) [VERIFIED: SNAPSHOT Exod.18.5 idx7 etnachta in-stream]
אֶל הַמִּדְבָּ֗ר אֲשֶׁר ה֛וּא חֹנֶ֥ה שָׁ֖ם הַ֥ר הָאֱלֹהִֽים · el-ha-midbar asher-hu chone sham har ha-Elohim · to the wilderness where he was camping, the mount of God (verse-final ha-Elohim) [VERIFIED: SNAPSHOT Exod.18.5 idx8-15]
| operator | expression | Hebrew anchor | cites | confidence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PRECONDITION_STATE | HOLDS(el_har_ha_elohim, t0) = HOLDS(to-har-the-God, t0) THE ARRIVAL [EX18-03 CROWN]. va-yavo yitro... el-ha-midbar asher hu CHONE sham — 'to the wilderness where he was CAMPING': the camping- participle Torah-unique (VERIFIED) — its Scripture-twin the Psalm's angel ('the angel of the LORD CAMPS around those who fear Him'): the Kitzur — Jethro NEEDED NO DIRECTIONS: 'he saw the CLOUD TIED over the tent, and by it he knew' (the address written in sky); HAR HA- ELOHIM — 'the MOUNT OF GOD': 3:1's address recurs (the bush's mountain, 4:27's meeting-mountain, now the reunion's: the machine notes the magnetism — every homecoming in this stack lands on the same rock, one chapter before Sinai's own arrival at 19:2); MS's small stroke named: the qadma-accent riding the guest's name. | אֶל־הַמִּדְבָּר אֲשֶׁר־הוּא חֹנֶה שָׁם הַר הָאֱלֹהִים · el-ha-midbar asher-hu chone sham har ha-Elohim = to-the-midbar which-that chone there har the-God | — | tested |
STEP_Ex_18_6 · Exod.18.6 · I_YOUR_FATHER_IN_LAW
וַיֹּאמֶר אֶל־מֹשֶׁה אֲנִי חֹתֶנְךָ יִתְרוֹ בָּא אֵלֶיךָ וְאִשְׁתְּךָ וּשְׁנֵי בָנֶיהָ עִמָּהּ · va-yomer el-moshe ani choten-kha yitro ba ele-kha ve-isht-kha u-shene vane-ha ima-ה · And he said to Moses: I, your father-in-law Jethro, am coming to you — and your wife, and her two sons with her.
וַיֹּ֨אמֶר֙ אֶל מֹשֶׁ֔ה אֲנִ֛י חֹתֶנְךָ֥ יִתְר֖וֹ בָּ֣א אֵלֶ֑יךָ · va-yomer el-moshe ani choten-kha yitro ba ele-kha · and he said to Moses: I, your father-in-law Jethro, am coming to you (etnachta on ele-kha) [VERIFIED: SNAPSHOT Exod.18.6 idx7 etnachta in-stream]
וְאִ֨שְׁתְּךָ֔ וּשְׁנֵ֥י בָנֶ֖יהָ עִמָּֽהּ · ve-isht-kha u-shene vane-ha ima-ה · and your wife, and her two sons with her (verse-final ima-ה) [VERIFIED: SNAPSHOT Exod.18.6 idx8-11]
| operator | expression | Hebrew anchor | cites | confidence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PRECONDITION_STATE | HOLDS(ani_chotenkha_ba_elekha, t0) = HOLDS(ani-chotenkha-in-the-to-you, t0) THE ANNOUNCEMENT. va-yomer el-moshe ANI chotenkha yitro BA elekha — 'I, your father-in-law Jethro, am COMING to you': the visitor announces himself by RELATION first, name second (choten runs THIRTEEN times in this chapter's frame — the text will barely say Jethro without saying father-in-law: the machine notes the insistence: the chapter that builds Israel's courts credits the design to kinship, not office); ve-ISHTEKHA u-shene VANEHA ima-ה — 'and YOUR WIFE, and her two sons WITH HER': the family listed as the caravan's cargo (the readings on the pronouns — HER sons — named- only). | אֲנִי חֹתֶנְךָ יִתְרוֹ בָּא אֵלֶיךָ · ani choten-kha yitro ba ele-kha = ani choten-kha yitro in-the ele-kha | — | tested |
STEP_Ex_18_7 · Exod.18.7 · THE_GREETING
וַיֵּצֵא מֹשֶׁה לִקְרַאת חֹתְנוֹ וַיִּשְׁתַּחוּ וַיִּשַּׁק־לוֹ וַיִּשְׁאֲלוּ אִישׁ־לְרֵעֵהוּ לְשָׁלוֹם וַיָּבֹאוּ הָאֹהֱלָה · va-yetze moshe li-qerat chotn-o va-yishtachu va-yishaq-l-o va-yishalu ish-le-ree-hu le-shalom va-yavou ha-ohela-ה · And Moses went out to meet his father-in-law, and bowed, and kissed him, and they asked each man his fellow of peace — and they came into the tent.
וַיֵּצֵ֨א מֹשֶׁ֜ה לִקְרַ֣את חֹֽתְנ֗וֹ וַיִּשְׁתַּ֨חוּ֙ וַיִּשַּׁק ל֔וֹ וַיִּשְׁאֲל֥וּ אִישׁ לְרֵעֵ֖הוּ לְשָׁל֑וֹם · va-yetze moshe li-qerat chotn-o va-yishtachu va-yishaq-l-o va-yishalu ish-le-ree-hu le-shalom · and Moses went out to meet his father-in-law, and bowed, and kissed him, and they asked each man his fellow of peace (etnachta on le-shalom) [VERIFIED: SNAPSHOT Exod.18.7 idx10 etnachta in-stream]
וַיָּבֹ֖אוּ הָאֹֽהֱלָה · va-yavou ha-ohela-ה · and they came into the tent (verse-final ha-ohela-ה) [VERIFIED: SNAPSHOT Exod.18.7 idx11-12]
| operator | expression | Hebrew anchor | cites | confidence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PRECONDITION_STATE | HOLDS(va_yishalu_ish_le_reehu_le_shalom, t0) = HOLDS(and-yishalu-man-to-reehu-to-shalom, t0) THE GREETING. va-yetze moshe liqrat chotno va-YISHTACHU va-YISHAQ-lo — Moses GOES OUT, BOWS, KISSES (the readings on who bowed to whom — 'a man to his FELLOW' read to Moses, the king bowing to the guest — named-only); va-yishalu ish le-reehu LE-SHALOM — 'they asked each man his fellow OF PEACE': the corpus's first narrated mutual shalom- exchange (4:27's brother-kiss was one-way; 18:7 is symmetric — the machine files the etiquette-protocol: the chapter of case-law opens with the law of the doorway); va-yavou HA-OHELA — 'into the TENT' (the readings: the tent = the house of study, named-only). | וַיִּשְׁאֲלוּ אִישׁ־לְרֵעֵהוּ לְשָׁלוֹם · va-yishalu ish-le-ree-hu le-shalom = and-yishalu man-to-ree-that to-shalom | — | tested |
STEP_Ex_18_8 · Exod.18.8 · MOSES_RECOUNTS
וַיְסַפֵּר מֹשֶׁה לְחֹתְנוֹ אֵת כָּל־אֲשֶׁר עָשָׂה יְהוָה לְפַרְעֹה וּלְמִצְרַיִם עַל אוֹדֹת יִשְׂרָאֵל אֵת כָּל־הַתְּלָאָה אֲשֶׁר מְצָאָתַם בַּדֶּרֶךְ וַיַּצִּלֵם יְהוָה · va-yesaper moshe le-chotn-o et kal-asher asa YHWH le-faro u-le-mitzrayim al odot yisrael et kal-ha-telaa asher metzaata-m ba-derekh va-yatzile-m YHWH · And Moses recounted to his father-in-law all that the LORD had done to Pharaoh and to Egypt on account of Israel; all the travail that had found them on the way — and the LORD delivered them.
וַיְסַפֵּ֤ר מֹשֶׁה֙ לְחֹ֣תְנ֔וֹ אֵת֩ כָּל אֲשֶׁ֨ר עָשָׂ֤ה יְהוָה֙ לְפַרְעֹ֣ה וּלְמִצְרַ֔יִם עַ֖ל אוֹדֹ֣ת יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל · va-yesaper moshe le-chotn-o et kal-asher asa YHWH le-faro u-le-mitzrayim al odot yisrael · and Moses recounted to his father-in-law all that the LORD had done to Pharaoh and to Egypt on account of Israel (etnachta on yisrael) [VERIFIED: SNAPSHOT Exod.18.8 idx12 etnachta in-stream]
אֵ֤ת כָּל הַתְּלָאָה֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר מְצָאָ֣תַם בַּדֶּ֔רֶךְ וַיַּצִּלֵ֖ם יְהוָֽה · et kal-ha-telaa asher metzaata-m ba-derekh va-yatzile-m YHWH · all the travail that had found them on the way — and the LORD delivered them (verse-final YHWH) [VERIFIED: SNAPSHOT Exod.18.8 idx13-20]
| operator | expression | Hebrew anchor | cites | confidence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PRECONDITION_STATE | HOLDS(va_yesaper_moshe, t0) = HOLDS(and-yesaper-Moses, t0) THE TELLING [EX18-02 + EX18-04 CROWNS]. va-YESAPER moshe le-chotno — 'and Moses RECOUNTED to his father-in-law': the corpus's first PERSONAL DEBRIEF (the deeds so far narrated by the text or sung by the nation; here they are TOLD, one man to one man, as news — the readings: 'to draw his heart near to the Torah,' named-only); al ODOT yisrael — 'on account of ISRAEL': the on-account word with its first vav FULL — MS convicting the PRINTED MASORAH of corruption (the four-count ruled wrong; the Ramah: TWO in the Torah, VERIFIED census): Abraham's grief on account of HIS SON and this telling on account of ISRAEL — both full-vav on-accounts on account of a son (4:22's My-firstborn); et kol-ha-TELAA — 'all the TRAVAIL on the way'; va-YATZILEM YHWH — 'and the LORD DELIVERED THEM': THE THIRD LEAN RESCUE (VERIFIED: the Ramah's roster — Reuben's, the sword's at 18:4, the nation's here; everywhere else the yod stands full): the debrief closes on the family's thin verb, now nation-sized. | וַיְסַפֵּר מֹשֶׁה לְחֹתְנוֹ · va-yesaper moshe le-chotn-o = and-yesaper Moses to-chotn-o | — | tested |
STEP_Ex_18_9 · Exod.18.9 · JETHRO_REJOICES
וַיִּחַדְּ יִתְרוֹ עַל כָּל־הַטּוֹבָה אֲשֶׁר־עָשָׂה יְהוָה לְיִשְׂרָאֵל אֲשֶׁר הִצִּילוֹ מִיַּד מִצְרָיִם · va-yichad yitro al kal-ha-tova asher-asa YHWH le-yisrael asher hitzil-o mi-yad mitzrayim · And Jethro rejoiced over all the good which the LORD had done for Israel — that He had delivered him from the hand of Egypt.
וַיִּ֣חַדְּ יִתְר֔וֹ עַ֚ל כָּל הַטּוֹבָ֔ה אֲשֶׁר עָשָׂ֥ה יְהוָ֖ה לְיִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל · va-yichad yitro al kal-ha-tova asher-asa YHWH le-yisrael · and Jethro rejoiced over all the good which the LORD had done for Israel (etnachta on le-yisrael) [VERIFIED: SNAPSHOT Exod.18.9 idx8 etnachta in-stream]
אֲשֶׁ֥ר הִצִּיל֖וֹ מִיַּ֥ד מִצְרָֽיִם · asher hitzil-o mi-yad mitzrayim · that He had delivered him from the hand of Egypt (verse-final mitzrayim) [VERIFIED: SNAPSHOT Exod.18.9 idx9-12]
| operator | expression | Hebrew anchor | cites | confidence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PRECONDITION_STATE | HOLDS(va_yichad_yitro, t0) = HOLDS(and-yichad-yitro, t0) THE JOY [EX18-05 CROWN]. va-YICHAD yitro al kol-ha-TOVA — 'and Jethro REJOICED over all the GOOD': the rejoicing-verb Torah-unique (VERIFIED; MS's Masorah names the one Scripture-twin: Job's 'let no JOY enter it' — the night cursing what Jethro feels); the Kitzur's two faces carried whole: 'he made his heart ONE to the One God — and became a Jew' / 'his flesh became PRICKLES upon prickles over Egypt's ruin' (the convert's joy with the convert's shudder in one skeleton; the dalet's stroke over a silent rest, the Mikhlol — checked at the build); asher HITZILO mi-yad mitzrayim — 'that He delivered HIM': the expected-but-not-written station (MS: 'one supposes THEM; the reading is HIM' — the sevirin class): the machine files the grammar's verdict: the delivered nation counted as one body — and the joy-verb spent on it once in the whole Torah. | וַיִּחַדְּ יִתְרוֹ · va-yichad yitro = and-yichad yitro | — | tested |
STEP_Ex_18_10 · Exod.18.10 · BLESSED_BE_THE_LORD
וַיֹּאמֶר יִתְרוֹ בָּרוּךְ יְהוָה אֲשֶׁר הִצִּיל אֶתְכֶם מִיַּד מִצְרַיִם וּמִיַּד פַּרְעֹה אֲשֶׁר הִצִּיל אֶת־הָעָם מִתַּחַת יַד־מִצְרָיִם · va-yomer yitro barukh YHWH asher hitzil et-khem mi-yad mitzrayim u-mi-yad paro asher hitzil et-ha-am mi-tachat yad-mitzrayim · And Jethro said: Blessed be the LORD, who delivered you from the hand of Egypt and from the hand of Pharaoh — who delivered the people from under the hand of Egypt.
וַיֹּאמֶר֮ יִתְרוֹ֒ בָּר֣וּךְ יְהוָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֨ר הִצִּ֥יל אֶתְכֶ֛ם מִיַּ֥ד מִצְרַ֖יִם וּמִיַּ֣ד פַּרְעֹ֑ה · va-yomer yitro barukh YHWH asher hitzil et-khem mi-yad mitzrayim u-mi-yad paro · and Jethro said: blessed be the LORD, who delivered you from the hand of Egypt and from the hand of Pharaoh (etnachta on paro) [VERIFIED: SNAPSHOT Exod.18.10 idx10 etnachta in-stream]
אֲשֶׁ֤ר הִצִּיל֙ אֶת הָעָ֔ם מִתַּ֖חַת יַד מִצְרָֽיִם · asher hitzil et-ha-am mi-tachat yad-mitzrayim · who delivered the people from under the hand of Egypt (verse-final mitzrayim) [VERIFIED: SNAPSHOT Exod.18.10 idx11-17]
| operator | expression | Hebrew anchor | cites | confidence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PRECONDITION_STATE | HOLDS(barukh_YHWH, t0) = HOLDS(barukh-the-LORD, t0) THE BLESSING [EX18-06 CROWN]. BARUKH YHWH — 'BLESSED BE THE LORD': the priest of Midian blesses the Name (the Masorah files even its pointing: the Name under the little-upright pause, VERIFIED mark) — the corpus's first narrated human blessing of the LORD since MELCHIZEDEK ('blessed be God Most High, who delivered your foes,' Gen 14:20 — twice in the canon a FOREIGN PRIEST blesses the Deliverer before Israel's own liturgy exists; the readings that sharpen it, named-only); asher HITZIL etkhem... mi-tachat YAD mitzrayim — the delivered-verb's third run in two verses, and the HAND-ledger closes: 3:19-20's hand-against-hand forecast, 14:31's great hand seen — 18:10 files Egypt's hand as the thing crawled out from UNDER (the machine notes the blessing's anatomy: two hands named and one Name blessing over both). | בָּרוּךְ יְהוָה אֲשֶׁר הִצִּיל אֶתְכֶם מִיַּד מִצְרַיִם וּמִיַּד פַּרְעֹה · barukh YHWH asher hitzil et-khem mi-yad mitzrayim u-mi-yad paro = barukh the-LORD which hitzil khem from-yad mitzrayim and-from-yad paro | — | tested |
STEP_Ex_18_11 · Exod.18.11 · NOW_I_KNOW
עַתָּה יָדַעְתִּי כִּי־גָדוֹל יְהוָה מִכָּל־הָאֱלֹהִים כִּי בַדָּבָר אֲשֶׁר זָדוּ עֲלֵיהֶם · ata yadati ki-gadol YHWH mi-kal-ha-Elohim ki va-davar asher zadu ale-hem · Now I know that the LORD is greater than all the gods — for in the thing in which they dealt proudly, against them.
עַתָּ֣ה יָדַ֔עְתִּי כִּֽי גָד֥וֹל יְהוָ֖ה מִכָּל הָאֱלֹהִ֑ים · ata yadati ki-gadol YHWH mi-kal-ha-Elohim · now I know that the LORD is greater than all the gods (etnachta on ha-Elohim) [VERIFIED: SNAPSHOT Exod.18.11 idx6 etnachta in-stream]
כִּ֣י בַדָּבָ֔ר אֲשֶׁ֥ר זָד֖וּ עֲלֵיהֶֽם · ki va-davar asher zadu ale-hem · for in the thing in which they dealt proudly, against them (verse-final ale-hem) [VERIFIED: SNAPSHOT Exod.18.11 idx7-11]
| operator | expression | Hebrew anchor | cites | confidence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PRECONDITION_STATE | HOLDS(ata_yadati, t0) = HOLDS(ata-yadati, t0) THE CREED. ATA YADATI ki-GADOL YHWH mi-kol-ha-ELOHIM — 'NOW I KNOW that the LORD is greater than all the gods': THE KNOW-LEDGER'S FIRST VOLUNTARY FOREIGN DEPOSIT (Egypt was made to know by drowning, 14:4/18; Israel promised knowing by supper, 16:12; Jethro walks in and FILES HIS OWN — the priest of another altar auditing all altars: the readings on 'he had tried every idolatry,' named-only); ki VA- DAVAR asher ZADU alehem — 'for in the THING in which they DEALT PROUDLY — against them': the measure-for-measure clause (the readings: the water they schemed with became the water over them — the pot cooked in its own plot; named-only): the machine books the entry as the ledger's cleanest line: knowledge reached by comparison shopping, sealed by symmetry. | עַתָּה יָדַעְתִּי כִּי־גָדוֹל יְהוָה מִכָּל־הָאֱלֹהִים · ata yadati ki-gadol YHWH mi-kal-ha-Elohim = ata yadati when-gadol the-LORD from-kal-the-God | — | tested |
STEP_Ex_18_12 · Exod.18.12 · THE_MEAL_BEFORE_GOD
וַיִּקַּח יִתְרוֹ חֹתֵן מֹשֶׁה עֹלָה וּזְבָחִים לֵאלֹהִים וַיָּבֹא אַהֲרֹן וְכֹל זִקְנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל לֶאֱכָל־לֶחֶם עִם־חֹתֵן מֹשֶׁה לִפְנֵי הָאֱלֹהִים · va-yiqach yitro choten moshe ola u-zevachim le-Elohim va-yavo aharon ve-khol ziqne yisrael le-ekhal-lechem im-choten moshe li-fene ha-Elohim · And Jethro, Moses' father-in-law, took a burnt-offering and sacrifices for God; and Aaron came, and all the elders of Israel, to eat bread with Moses' father-in-law before God.
וַיִּקַּ֞ח יִתְר֨וֹ חֹתֵ֥ן מֹשֶׁ֛ה עֹלָ֥ה וּזְבָחִ֖ים לֵֽאלֹהִ֑ים · va-yiqach yitro choten moshe ola u-zevachim le-Elohim · and Jethro, Moses' father-in-law, took a burnt-offering and sacrifices for God (etnachta on le-Elohim) [VERIFIED: SNAPSHOT Exod.18.12 idx6 etnachta in-stream]
וַיָּבֹ֨א אַהֲרֹ֜ן וְכֹ֣ל זִקְנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל לֶאֱכָל לֶ֛חֶם עִם חֹתֵ֥ן מֹשֶׁ֖ה לִפְנֵ֥י הָאֱלֹהִֽים · va-yavo aharon ve-khol ziqne yisrael le-ekhal-lechem im-choten moshe li-fene ha-Elohim · and Aaron came, and all the elders of Israel, to eat bread with Moses' father-in-law before God (verse-final ha-Elohim) [VERIFIED: SNAPSHOT Exod.18.12 idx7-18]
| operator | expression | Hebrew anchor | cites | confidence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EVENT | zevach_yitro(e1); Agent(e1, yitro); Theme(e1, ola_u_zvachim) = zevach-yitro(e1); Agent(e1, yitro); Theme(e1, ola-and-zvachim) THE OFFERING. va-yiqach yitro... OLA u-ZVACHIM le-ELOHIM — 'a BURNT- OFFERING and SACRIFICES for God': THE EVENT — the corpus's first narrated sacrifice since Egypt was left (the altar-file's Exodus opener is a CONVERT'S: the and-sacrifices form Torah-unique, asserted at the build), brought by the priest of Midian the verse before Israel's own law arrives; va-yavo AHARON ve-khol ZIQNE yisrael le-ekhol-LECHEM im-choten moshe LIFNE HA-ELOHIM — 'to eat BREAD... BEFORE GOD': the elders' table set at the Presence (the readings: 'whoever enjoys a meal at which scholars sit enjoys the radiance' — and the missing host: where is MOSES? standing and serving, the tradition answers — named-only): the machine files the scene: Israel's first interfaith state dinner, catered by the guest, addressed to the Host. | וַיִּקַּח יִתְרוֹ חֹתֵן מֹשֶׁה עֹלָה וּזְבָחִים לֵאלֹהִים · va-yiqach yitro choten moshe ola u-zevachim le-Elohim = and-yiqach yitro choten Moses ola and-zevachim to-God | — | tested |
STEP_Ex_18_13 · Exod.18.13 · THE_COURT_DAY
וַיְהִי מִמָּחֳרָת וַיֵּשֶׁב מֹשֶׁה לִשְׁפֹּט אֶת־הָעָם וַיַּעֲמֹד הָעָם עַל־מֹשֶׁה מִן־הַבֹּקֶר עַד־הָעָרֶב · va-yehi mi-machorat va-yeshev moshe li-shepot et-ha-am va-yaamod ha-am al-moshe min-ha-boqer ad-ha-arev · And it was on the morrow, that Moses sat to judge the people; and the people stood over Moses from the morning until the evening.
וַיְהִי֙ מִֽמָּחֳרָ֔ת וַיֵּ֥שֶׁב מֹשֶׁ֖ה לִשְׁפֹּ֣ט אֶת הָעָ֑ם · va-yehi mi-machorat va-yeshev moshe li-shepot et-ha-am · and it was on the morrow, that Moses sat to judge the people (etnachta on ha-am) [VERIFIED: SNAPSHOT Exod.18.13 idx6 etnachta in-stream]
וַיַּעֲמֹ֤ד הָעָם֙ עַל מֹשֶׁ֔ה מִן הַבֹּ֖קֶר עַד הָעָֽרֶב · va-yaamod ha-am al-moshe min-ha-boqer ad-ha-arev · and the people stood over Moses from the morning until the evening (verse-final ha-arev) [VERIFIED: SNAPSHOT Exod.18.13 idx7-14]
| operator | expression | Hebrew anchor | cites | confidence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PRECONDITION_STATE | HOLDS(va_yeshev_moshe_lishpot, t0) = HOLDS(and-yeshev-Moses-lishpot, t0) THE COURT [EX18-07 CROWN]. va-yehi MI-MACHORAT — 'on the MORROW' (the Kitzur's with-the-words count to 'the morrow of the Day of Atonement' named as the tradition's device — the docket read as Moses down from the mount); va-YESHEV moshe LISHPOT et-ha-am — Moses SITS TO JUDGE (the judge-verb opens its chapter-long run); va-yaamod ha-am al-moshe min-HA-BOQER ad-HA-AREV — 'from THE morning until THE evening': the narration spends BOTH ARTICLES on the court-day — and Jethro's replay one verse down DROPS THEM (bare boqer, bare arev — VERIFIED both at the build): the Kitzur counts the two spare letters: He and He — 'the judge who judges truly is made a PARTNER to the Holy One in the work of creation, created with He' (the narrator grants the creation-letters; the complaint strips them); the six-hour bench-rule named (ad, not ve-ad): the machine files the picture the verse takes: one seated man, a nation on its feet, and a day measured at both ends. | וַיַּעֲמֹד הָעָם עַל־מֹשֶׁה מִן־הַבֹּקֶר עַד־הָעָרֶב · va-yaamod ha-am al-moshe min-ha-boqer ad-ha-arev = and-yaamod the-am upon-Moses from-the-morning until-the-arev | — | tested |
STEP_Ex_18_14 · Exod.18.14 · WHY_ALONE
וַיַּרְא חֹתֵן מֹשֶׁה אֵת כָּל־אֲשֶׁר־הוּא עֹשֶׂה לָעָם וַיֹּאמֶר מָה־הַדָּבָר הַזֶּה אֲשֶׁר אַתָּה עֹשֶׂה לָעָם מַדּוּעַ אַתָּה יוֹשֵׁב לְבַדֶּךָ וְכָל־הָעָם נִצָּב עָלֶיךָ מִן־בֹּקֶר עַד־עָרֶב · va-yar choten moshe et kal-asher-hu ose la-am va-yomer ma-ha-davar ha-ze asher ata ose la-am madua ata yoshev le-vade-kha ve-khal-ha-am nitzav ale-kha min-boqer ad-arev · And Moses' father-in-law saw all that he was doing for the people — and he said: What is this thing that you are doing for the people? Why do you sit alone, and all the people stand over you from morning until evening?
וַיַּרְא֙ חֹתֵ֣ן מֹשֶׁ֔ה אֵ֛ת כָּל אֲשֶׁר ה֥וּא עֹשֶׂ֖ה לָעָ֑ם · va-yar choten moshe et kal-asher-hu ose la-am · and Moses' father-in-law saw all that he was doing for the people (etnachta on la-am) [VERIFIED: SNAPSHOT Exod.18.14 idx8 etnachta in-stream]
וַיֹּ֗אמֶר מָֽה הַדָּבָ֤ר הַזֶּה֙ אֲשֶׁ֨ר אַתָּ֤ה עֹשֶׂה֙ לָעָ֔ם מַדּ֗וּעַ אַתָּ֤ה יוֹשֵׁב֙ לְבַדֶּ֔ךָ וְכָל הָעָ֛ם נִצָּ֥ב עָלֶ֖יךָ מִן בֹּ֥קֶר עַד עָֽרֶב · va-yomer ma-ha-davar ha-ze asher ata ose la-am madua ata yoshev le-vade-kha ve-khal-ha-am nitzav ale-kha min-boqer ad-arev · and he said: what is this thing that you are doing for the people? why do you sit alone, and all the people stand over you from morning until evening? (verse-final arev) [VERIFIED: SNAPSHOT Exod.18.14 idx9-28]
| operator | expression | Hebrew anchor | cites | confidence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PRECONDITION_STATE | HOLDS(madua_ata_yoshev_levadekha, t0) = HOLDS(madua-ata-yoshev-levadekha, t0) THE QUESTION. va-YAR choten moshe — the father-in-law SEES (the chapter's verbs: he heard, he came, now he WATCHES — the corpus's first process-audit); MA-ha-davar ha-ze asher ATA OSE la-am — 'WHAT is this thing that YOU are doing for the people'; MADUA ata yoshev LEVADEKHA — 'WHY do you sit ALONE': the alone-word lands (the machine arms it: 18:18 will answer it with the Torah's second not- good — Eden's pair); min-BOQER ad-AREV — the same day, STRIPPED of its articles (the He's of partnership are the narrator's to give, not the visitor's — VERIFIED at the build): the outsider sees the hours; the text alone sees the creation-letters in them. | מַדּוּעַ אַתָּה יוֹשֵׁב לְבַדֶּךָ · madua ata yoshev le-vade-kha = madua ata yoshev to-vade-kha | — | tested |
STEP_Ex_18_15 · Exod.18.15 · TO_SEEK_GOD
וַיֹּאמֶר מֹשֶׁה לְחֹתְנוֹ כִּי־יָבֹא אֵלַי הָעָם לִדְרֹשׁ אֱלֹהִים · va-yomer moshe le-chotn-o ki-yavo el-y ha-am li-derosh Elohim · And Moses said to his father-in-law — because the people come to me to seek God.
וַיֹּ֥אמֶר מֹשֶׁ֖ה לְחֹתְנ֑וֹ · va-yomer moshe le-chotn-o · and Moses said to his father-in-law (etnachta on le-chotn-o) [VERIFIED: SNAPSHOT Exod.18.15 idx2 etnachta in-stream]
כִּֽי יָבֹ֥א אֵלַ֛י הָעָ֖ם לִדְרֹ֥שׁ אֱלֹהִֽים · ki-yavo el-y ha-am li-derosh Elohim · because the people come to me to seek God (verse-final Elohim) [VERIFIED: SNAPSHOT Exod.18.15 idx3-8]
| operator | expression | Hebrew anchor | cites | confidence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PRECONDITION_STATE | HOLDS(lidrosh_elohim, t0) = HOLDS(lidrosh-God, t0) THE ANSWER [EX18-08 CROWN]. ki-yavo elai ha-am LIDROSH ELOHIM — 'because the people come to me TO SEEK GOD': the phrase's only Torah station (VERIFIED adjacency; the Kitzur's Scripture-four: Saul over the donkeys, David over the plague, Uzziah in the war — 'for ALL their needs they came to seek God': the lost, the sick, the besieged); and the bare seek-verb's Torah-twin is REBEKAH (asserted at the build: 'and she went TO SEEK the LORD,' Gen 25:22): the corpus's first seeker carried a war in her body; the nation brings its questions to a tent — the machine notes what Moses claims: not that he judges, but that THEY SEEK: the docket described from the plaintiff's side. | כִּי־יָבֹא אֵלַי הָעָם לִדְרֹשׁ אֱלֹהִים · ki-yavo el-y ha-am li-derosh Elohim = when-yavo to-y the-am to-me-derosh God | — | tested |
STEP_Ex_18_16 · Exod.18.16 · STATUTES_AND_TORAHS
כִּי־יִהְיֶה לָהֶם דָּבָר בָּא אֵלַי וְשָׁפַטְתִּי בֵּין אִישׁ וּבֵין רֵעֵהוּ וְהוֹדַעְתִּי אֶת־חֻקֵּי הָאֱלֹהִים וְאֶת־תּוֹרֹתָיו · ki-yihye la-hem davar ba el-y ve-shafatti ben ish u-ven ree-hu ve-hodati et-chuqe ha-Elohim ve-et-torotay-v · When they have a matter, it comes to me, and I judge between a man and his fellow — and I make known the statutes of God, and His torahs.
כִּֽי יִהְיֶ֨ה לָהֶ֤ם דָּבָר֙ בָּ֣א אֵלַ֔י וְשָׁ֣פַטְתִּ֔י בֵּ֥ין אִ֖ישׁ וּבֵ֣ין רֵעֵ֑הוּ · ki-yihye la-hem davar ba el-y ve-shafatti ben ish u-ven ree-hu · when they have a matter, it comes to me, and I judge between a man and his fellow (etnachta on ree-hu) [VERIFIED: SNAPSHOT Exod.18.16 idx10 etnachta in-stream]
וְהוֹדַעְתִּ֛י אֶת חֻקֵּ֥י הָאֱלֹהִ֖ים וְאֶת תּוֹרֹתָֽיו · ve-hodati et-chuqe ha-Elohim ve-et-torotay-v · and I make known the statutes of God, and His torahs (verse-final torotay-v) [VERIFIED: SNAPSHOT Exod.18.16 idx11-16]
| operator | expression | Hebrew anchor | cites | confidence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PRECONDITION_STATE | HOLDS(ve_hodati_et_chuqe_ha_elohim, t0) = HOLDS(and-hodati-chuqe-the-God, t0) THE DOCKET [EX18-08]. ki-yihye lahem DAVAR ba elai — 'when they have a MATTER, it comes to me'; ve-SHAFATTI ben ish u-ven reehu — 'and I JUDGE between a man and his fellow' (the judge-verb's second station of the chapter's run); ve-HODATI et-CHUQE ha-elohim ve-et-TOROTAV — 'and I make known the statutes of God and HIS TORAHS': the word Torah-unique in this plural (VERIFIED) — the Kitzur: its two Scripture-twins stand in EZEKIEL'S TEMPLE-vision ('a hint of the building of the Sanctuary') — the machine files the astonishment plainly: TORAHS, plural, cited as existing case-law BEFORE SINAI (the readings on what law Moses taught at Marah's statute-station, 15:25, named-only): the docket already runs on a library the mountain has not yet published. | וְהוֹדַעְתִּי אֶת־חֻקֵּי הָאֱלֹהִים וְאֶת־תּוֹרֹתָיו · ve-hodati et-chuqe ha-Elohim ve-et-torotay-v = and-hodati chuqe the-God and-torotay-v | — | tested |
STEP_Ex_18_17 · Exod.18.17 · NOT_GOOD
וַיֹּאמֶר חֹתֵן מֹשֶׁה אֵלָיו לֹא־טוֹב הַדָּבָר אֲשֶׁר אַתָּה עֹשֶׂה · va-yomer choten moshe elay-v lo-tov ha-davar asher ata ose · And Moses' father-in-law said to him: Not good is the thing that you are doing.
וַיֹּ֛אמֶר חֹתֵ֥ן מֹשֶׁ֖ה אֵלָ֑יו · va-yomer choten moshe elay-v · and Moses' father-in-law said to him (etnachta on elay-v) [VERIFIED: SNAPSHOT Exod.18.17 idx3 etnachta in-stream]
לֹא טוֹב֙ הַדָּבָ֔ר אֲשֶׁ֥ר אַתָּ֖ה עֹשֶֽׂה · lo-tov ha-davar asher ata ose · not good is the thing that you are doing (verse-final ose) [VERIFIED: SNAPSHOT Exod.18.17 idx4-9]
| operator | expression | Hebrew anchor | cites | confidence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PRECONDITION_STATE | HOLDS(lo_tov_ha_davar, t0) = HOLDS(not-good-the-davar, t0) THE VERDICT. LO-TOV ha-davar asher ata ose — 'NOT GOOD is the thing that you are doing': the corpus's SECOND not-good (asserted at the build: the adjacency stands exactly TWICE in the Torah — EDEN'S 'not good the man's being ALONE' (Gen 2:18) and here — and both indict the same condition: 18:14's LEVADEKHA, you sit ALONE, answered by 2:18's LEVADO): the machine files the frame-signature: the last time the text said not-good, it built the man a partner; Jethro is about to prescribe seventy-eight thousand of them (the readings on the audacity — a Midianite priest grading the prophet's workflow, and the Torah printing the grade — named-only); MS's stroke-file on the verse named: the lengthener on asher, the low-pause on ata. | לֹא־טוֹב הַדָּבָר אֲשֶׁר אַתָּה עֹשֶׂה · lo-tov ha-davar asher ata ose = not-good the-davar which ata ose | — | tested |
STEP_Ex_18_18 · Exod.18.18 · YOU_WILL_WILT
נָבֹל תִּבֹּל גַּם־אַתָּה גַּם־הָעָם הַזֶּה אֲשֶׁר עִמָּךְ כִּי־כָבֵד מִמְּךָ הַדָּבָר לֹא־תוּכַל עֲשֹׂהוּ לְבַדֶּךָ · navol tibol gam-ata gam-ha-am ha-ze asher ima-khe ki-khaved mim-kha ha-davar lo-tukhal aso-hu le-vade-kha · You will surely wilt — both you and this people that is with you; for the thing is too heavy for you — you cannot do it alone.
נָבֹ֣ל תִּבֹּ֔ל גַּם אַתָּ֕ה גַּם הָעָ֥ם הַזֶּ֖ה אֲשֶׁ֣ר עִמָּ֑ךְ · navol tibol gam-ata gam-ha-am ha-ze asher ima-khe · you will surely wilt — both you and this people that is with you (etnachta on ima-khe) [VERIFIED: SNAPSHOT Exod.18.18 idx8 etnachta in-stream]
כִּֽי כָבֵ֤ד מִמְּךָ֙ הַדָּבָ֔ר לֹא תוּכַ֥ל עֲשֹׂ֖הוּ לְבַדֶּֽךָ · ki-khaved mim-kha ha-davar lo-tukhal aso-hu le-vade-kha · for the thing is too heavy for you; you cannot do it alone (verse-final le-vade-kha) [VERIFIED: SNAPSHOT Exod.18.18 idx9-16]
| operator | expression | Hebrew anchor | cites | confidence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PRECONDITION_STATE | HOLDS(navol_tibol, t0) = HOLDS(navol-tibol, t0) THE DIAGNOSIS [EX18-09 CROWN]. NAVOL TIBOL — 'you will surely WILT' (the doubled leaf-wither verb: burnout as botany); gam-ATA gam-ha-AM — 'both YOU and THIS PEOPLE' (the queue damages both its ends); ki- KHAVED mimkha ha-davar — 'for the thing is TOO HEAVY for you': the kaf under the guard-stroke (VERIFIED in-token) — and the machine files the root's arc (asserted): the heavy HEART (Pharaoh, nine plagues), the heavy HANDS (17:12), now the heavy CASELOAD — the first heaviness in the file that DELEGATION can cure; lo-tukhal ASOHU levadekha — 'you cannot DO IT alone': the do-word written LEAN (the printed Masorah's 'none like it and full' ruled AN ERROR — most copies and the Ramah: lean, VERIFIED skeleton): the printed- authority file lands on the very word Jethro says cannot be done single-handed. | כִּי־כָבֵד מִמְּךָ הַדָּבָר לֹא־תוּכַל עֲשֹׂהוּ לְבַדֶּךָ · ki-khaved mim-kha ha-davar lo-tukhal aso-hu le-vade-kha = when-khaved mim-kha the-davar not-tukhal aso-that to-vade-kha | — | tested |
STEP_Ex_18_19 · Exod.18.19 · HEAR_MY_VOICE
עַתָּה שְׁמַע בְּקֹלִי אִיעָצְךָ וִיהִי אֱלֹהִים עִמָּךְ הֱיֵה אַתָּה לָעָם מוּל הָאֱלֹהִים וְהֵבֵאתָ אַתָּה אֶת־הַדְּבָרִים אֶל־הָאֱלֹהִים · ata shema be-qoli-y iatz-kha vi-yhi Elohim ima-khe heye ata la-am mul ha-Elohim ve-heveta ata et-ha-devarim el-ha-Elohim · Now hear my voice — I will counsel you, and God be with you; be you for the people toward God, and bring you the matters to God.
עַתָּ֞ה שְׁמַ֤ע בְּקֹלִי֙ אִיעָ֣צְךָ֔ וִיהִ֥י אֱלֹהִ֖ים עִמָּ֑ךְ · ata shema be-qoli-y iatz-kha vi-yhi Elohim ima-khe · now hear my voice — I will counsel you, and God be with you (etnachta on ima-khe) [VERIFIED: SNAPSHOT Exod.18.19 idx6 etnachta in-stream]
הֱיֵ֧ה אַתָּ֣ה לָעָ֗ם מ֚וּל הָֽאֱלֹהִ֔ים וְהֵבֵאתָ֥ אַתָּ֛ה אֶת הַדְּבָרִ֖ים אֶל הָאֱלֹהִֽים · heye ata la-am mul ha-Elohim ve-heveta ata et-ha-devarim el-ha-Elohim · be you for the people toward God, and bring you the matters to God (verse-final ha-Elohim) [VERIFIED: SNAPSHOT Exod.18.19 idx7-17]
| operator | expression | Hebrew anchor | cites | confidence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DECLARE | DECLARE(yitro, LET(shema_be_qoli_iatzkha)) = DECLARE(yitro, LET(hear-in-qoli-iatzkha)) THE COUNSEL [EX18-11 CROWN]. ata SHEMA be-QOLI — 'now HEAR MY VOICE': the card pushed (a human counselor files a card at the prophet — the corpus's first ADVISORY declare: not a command, an offer with a blessing riding it: vi-YHI ELOHIM IMAKH, 'and God be with you'); IATZKHA — 'I will COUNSEL you': the counsel-verb's Torah-census exactly TWO (VERIFIED): JETHRO here and BALAAM (Num 24:14, 'come, I will counsel you') — the corpus's two outside counselors under one verb, the builder of Israel's courts and the architect of its snare (the Kitzur's doctrine: Moses HEEDED and 'shall come to his place in peace'; Zedekiah refused Jeremiah's and lost his place — counsel heard keeps a man his place); HEYE ATA la- am MUL ha-elohim — 'BE YOU for the people TOWARD God': the job re- scoped upward (the interface retained, the queue re-routed); ve- heveta ata et-ha-devarim el-ha-elohim — the hard channel kept open to the top. | עַתָּה שְׁמַע בְּקֹלִי אִיעָצְךָ וִיהִי אֱלֹהִים עִמָּךְ · ata shema be-qoli-y iatz-kha vi-yhi Elohim ima-khe = ata hear in-qoli-y iatz-kha vi-yhi God ima-khe | — | tested |
STEP_Ex_18_20 · Exod.18.20 · WARN_AND_TEACH
וְהִזְהַרְתָּה אֶתְהֶם אֶת־הַחֻקִּים וְאֶת־הַתּוֹרֹת וְהוֹדַעְתָּ לָהֶם אֶת־הַדֶּרֶךְ יֵלְכוּ בָהּ וְאֶת־הַמַּעֲשֶׂה אֲשֶׁר יַעֲשׂוּן · ve-hizharta et-hem et-ha-chuqim ve-et-ha-torot ve-hodata la-hem et-ha-derekh yelkhu va-ה ve-et-ha-maase asher yaasu-n · And you shall warn them of the statutes and the torahs — and make known to them the way they shall walk in, and the deed they shall do.
וְהִזְהַרְתָּ֣ה אֶתְהֶ֔ם אֶת הַחֻקִּ֖ים וְאֶת הַתּוֹרֹ֑ת · ve-hizharta et-hem et-ha-chuqim ve-et-ha-torot · and you shall warn them of the statutes and the torahs (etnachta on ha-torot) [VERIFIED: SNAPSHOT Exod.18.20 idx5 etnachta in-stream]
וְהוֹדַעְתָּ֣ לָהֶ֗ם אֶת הַדֶּ֨רֶךְ֙ יֵ֣לְכוּ בָ֔הּ וְאֶת הַֽמַּעֲשֶׂ֖ה אֲשֶׁ֥ר יַעֲשֽׂוּן · ve-hodata la-hem et-ha-derekh yelkhu va-ה ve-et-ha-maase asher yaasu-n · and make known to them the way they shall walk in, and the deed they shall do (verse-final yaasu-n) [VERIFIED: SNAPSHOT Exod.18.20 idx6-15]
| operator | expression | Hebrew anchor | cites | confidence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PRECONDITION_STATE | HOLDS(ve_hizharta_ethem, t0) = HOLDS(and-hizharta-ethem, t0) THE TEACHING [EX18-10 CROWN]. VE-HIZHARTA ETHEM et-ha-CHUQIM ve-et- ha-TOROT — 'and you shall WARN THEM of the statutes and the torahs': the warn-word written with a FINAL HE — 'and NONE LIKE IT in the reading' (VERIFIED census-unique; MS) — and the midrash counts the surplus (Lekach Tov, the Kitzur): the He of the warning and the He of the warned — FIVE AND FIVE — 'these are the TEN UTTERANCES' (the teaching-command carrying Sinai's number two chapters early); ha- CHUQIM under the guard-stroke (checked at the build); ve-hodata lahem et-ha-DEREKH yelkhu VAH — 'the WAY they shall walk in' (printed-authority: the presses' intruding relative-word struck — MS); ve-et-ha-MAASE asher YAASUN — 'and the DEED they shall do': the machine files the curriculum's order: statutes, torahs, way, deed — law taught downhill from text to footstep (the readings that hang livelihood, visiting the sick, burial, and beyond-the-line on these four, named-only). | וְהִזְהַרְתָּה אֶתְהֶם אֶת־הַחֻקִּים וְאֶת־הַתּוֹרֹת · ve-hizharta et-hem et-ha-chuqim ve-et-ha-torot = and-hizharta hem the-chuqim and-the-torot | — | tested |
STEP_Ex_18_21 · Exod.18.21 · MEN_OF_WORTH
וְאַתָּה תֶחֱזֶה מִכָּל־הָעָם אַנְשֵׁי־חַיִל יִרְאֵי אֱלֹהִים אַנְשֵׁי אֱמֶת שֹׂנְאֵי בָצַע וְשַׂמְתָּ עֲלֵהֶם שָׂרֵי אֲלָפִים שָׂרֵי מֵאוֹת שָׂרֵי חֲמִשִּׁים וְשָׂרֵי עֲשָׂרֹת · ve-ata techeze mi-kal-ha-am anshe-chayil yire Elohim anshe emet sone vatza ve-samta ale-hem sare alafim sare meot sare chamishim ve-sare asarot · And you shall see out of all the people men of worth, fearers of God, men of truth, haters of gain — and set over them princes of thousands, princes of hundreds, princes of fifties, and princes of tens.
וְאַתָּ֣ה תֶחֱזֶ֣ה מִכָּל הָ֠עָם אַנְשֵׁי חַ֜יִל יִרְאֵ֧י אֱלֹהִ֛ים אַנְשֵׁ֥י אֱמֶ֖ת שֹׂ֣נְאֵי בָ֑צַע · ve-ata techeze mi-kal-ha-am anshe-chayil yire Elohim anshe emet sone vatza · and you shall see out of all the people men of worth, fearers of God, men of truth, haters of gain (etnachta on vatza) [VERIFIED: SNAPSHOT Exod.18.21 idx11 etnachta in-stream]
וְשַׂמְתָּ֣ עֲלֵהֶ֗ם שָׂרֵ֤י אֲלָפִים֙ שָׂרֵ֣י מֵא֔וֹת שָׂרֵ֥י חֲמִשִּׁ֖ים וְשָׂרֵ֥י עֲשָׂרֹֽת · ve-samta ale-hem sare alafim sare meot sare chamishim ve-sare asarot · and set over them princes of thousands, princes of hundreds, princes of fifties, and princes of tens (verse-final asarot) [VERIFIED: SNAPSHOT Exod.18.21 idx12-21]
| operator | expression | Hebrew anchor | cites | confidence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PRECONDITION_STATE | HOLDS(anshe_chayil_yire_elohim, t0) = HOLDS(anshe-chayil-yire-God, t0) THE ROSTER [EX18-12]. ve-ata TECHEZE mi-kol-ha-am — 'and you shall SEE OUT of all the people' (the seer-verb for the search: leadership recruited by vision, the readings on the prophetic screen named- only); the FOUR QUALIFICATIONS: anshe-CHAYIL (worth), yire ELOHIM (fearers of God), anshe EMET (truth), sone VATZA (haters of gain — the one-codex binder-stroke named, MS): the corpus's first published JOB DESCRIPTION — character-criteria only, no birth, no tribe (the machine notes what is absent: lineage — the courts open on merit while the priesthood will close on blood); sare ALAFIM, MEOT, CHAMISHIM, ASAROT — thousands, hundreds, fifties, TENS (the tens- word LEAN both times, VERIFIED at the build; the readings' arithmetic — 78,600 officers for 600,000 — named-only): the pyramid drawn in four words. | אַנְשֵׁי־חַיִל יִרְאֵי אֱלֹהִים אַנְשֵׁי אֱמֶת שֹׂנְאֵי בָצַע · anshe-chayil yire Elohim anshe emet sone vatza = anshe-chayil yire God anshe emet sone vatza | — | tested |
STEP_Ex_18_22 · Exod.18.22 · GREAT_AND_SMALL
וְשָׁפְטוּ אֶת־הָעָם בְּכָל־עֵת וְהָיָה כָּל־הַדָּבָר הַגָּדֹל יָבִיאוּ אֵלֶיךָ וְכָל־הַדָּבָר הַקָּטֹן יִשְׁפְּטוּ־הֵם וְהָקֵל מֵעָלֶיךָ וְנָשְׂאוּ אִתָּךְ · ve-shaftu et-ha-am be-khal-et ve-haya kal-ha-davar ha-gadol yaviu ele-kha ve-khal-ha-davar ha-qaton yishptu-hem ve-haqel me-ale-kha ve-nasu et-khe · And they shall judge the people at every time; and it shall be: every great matter they shall bring to you, and every small matter they shall judge themselves — and lighten it from off you, and they shall bear with you.
וְשָׁפְט֣וּ אֶת הָעָם֮ בְּכָל עֵת֒ וְהָיָ֞ה כָּל הַדָּבָ֤ר הַגָּדֹל֙ יָבִ֣יאוּ אֵלֶ֔יךָ וְכָל הַדָּבָ֥ר הַקָּטֹ֖ן יִשְׁפְּטוּ הֵ֑ם · ve-shaftu et-ha-am be-khal-et ve-haya kal-ha-davar ha-gadol yaviu ele-kha ve-khal-ha-davar ha-qaton yishptu-hem · and they shall judge the people at every time; and it shall be: every great matter they shall bring to you, and every small matter they shall judge themselves (etnachta on hem) [VERIFIED: SNAPSHOT Exod.18.22 idx15 etnachta in-stream]
וְהָקֵל֙ מֵֽעָלֶ֔יךָ וְנָשְׂא֖וּ אִתָּֽךְ · ve-haqel me-ale-kha ve-nasu et-khe · and lighten it from off you, and they shall bear with you (verse-final et-khe) [VERIFIED: SNAPSHOT Exod.18.22 idx16-19]
| operator | expression | Hebrew anchor | cites | confidence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PRECONDITION_STATE | HOLDS(ve_haqel_me_alekha, t0) = HOLDS(and-haqel-from-alekha, t0) THE ROUTING [EX18-13]. ve-SHAFTU et-ha-am be-khol-ET — 'and they shall judge the people AT EVERY TIME' (the queue goes continuous: no more one-day bottleneck); kol-ha-davar ha-GADOL yaviu elekha — the GREAT matter up (the great-word lean, VERIFIED at the build — absent from the full-roster of Noah's parasha), ve-khol-ha-davar ha-QATON yishptu-HEM — the SMALL they judge (the judging-verb here LEAN — armed: 18:26 will replay this clause with the verb GROWN A VAV); ve- HAQEL me-alekha — 'and LIGHTEN it from off you': the heavy-diagnosis (18:18 khaved) answered by its own antonym (the machine closes the arc: the chapter is one mass-transfer problem — kaved in, haqel out); ve-NASU itakh — 'and they shall BEAR WITH you': the carrying shared (Numbers 11's seventy elders armed, the readings named-only). | וְהָקֵל מֵעָלֶיךָ וְנָשְׂאוּ אִתָּךְ · ve-haqel me-ale-kha ve-nasu et-khe = and-haqel from-ale-kha and-nasu khe | — | tested |
STEP_Ex_18_23 · Exod.18.23 · TO_ITS_PLACE_IN_PEACE
אִם אֶת־הַדָּבָר הַזֶּה תַּעֲשֶׂה וְצִוְּךָ אֱלֹהִים וְיָכָלְתָּ עֲמֹד וְגַם כָּל־הָעָם הַזֶּה עַל־מְקֹמוֹ יָבֹא בְשָׁלוֹם · im et-ha-davar ha-ze taase ve-tziv-kha Elohim ve-yakhalta amod ve-gam kal-ha-am ha-ze al-meqom-o yavo ve-shalom · If you do this thing, and God command you, then you will be able to stand — and also all this people will come to its place in peace.
אִ֣ם אֶת הַדָּבָ֤ר הַזֶּה֙ תַּעֲשֶׂ֔ה וְצִוְּךָ֣ אֱלֹהִ֔ים וְיָֽכָלְתָּ֖ עֲמֹ֑ד · im et-ha-davar ha-ze taase ve-tziv-kha Elohim ve-yakhalta amod · if you do this thing, and God command you, then you will be able to stand (etnachta on amod) [VERIFIED: SNAPSHOT Exod.18.23 idx8 etnachta in-stream]
וְגַם֙ כָּל הָעָ֣ם הַזֶּ֔ה עַל מְקֹמ֖וֹ יָבֹ֥א בְשָׁלֽוֹם · ve-gam kal-ha-am ha-ze al-meqom-o yavo ve-shalom · and also all this people will come to its place in peace (verse-final ve-shalom) [VERIFIED: SNAPSHOT Exod.18.23 idx9-16]
| operator | expression | Hebrew anchor | cites | confidence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PRECONDITION_STATE | HOLDS(al_meqomo_yavo_ve_shalom, t0) = HOLDS(upon-meqomo-yavo-and-shalom, t0) THE FORECAST [EX18-11]. im et-ha-davar ha-ze taase VE-TZIVKHA ELOHIM — 'if you do this thing AND GOD COMMAND YOU': the counselor GATES HIS OWN COUNSEL on the divine countersignature (the command-word Torah-unique, VERIFIED at the build; its Scripture-twin 'and He command you as RULER' — the Kitzur: with the commissioning, you can stand; without it, no standing): the corpus's most self-limiting card — advice that requires ratification to bind; ve-yakholta AMOD — 'you will be able to STAND' (the wilting reversed); ve-gam kol-ha-am ha-ze AL-MEQOMO yavo VE-SHALOM — 'and also all this people will come TO ITS PLACE IN PEACE': the place-phrase's Job-twin named (the Kitzur: 'judge below and there is peace; if not, judgment is done above — and you shall look on his place, and he is not'): the machine notes the forecast's scope — the reform is priced not in Moses' relief but in the PEOPLE'S arrival: good process as the nation's way home. | וְגַם כָּל־הָעָם הַזֶּה עַל־מְקֹמוֹ יָבֹא בְשָׁלוֹם · ve-gam kal-ha-am ha-ze al-meqom-o yavo ve-shalom = and-also kal-the-am the-ze upon-meqom-o yavo and-shalom | — | tested |
STEP_Ex_18_24 · Exod.18.24 · MOSES_HEARS
וַיִּשְׁמַע מֹשֶׁה לְקוֹל חֹתְנוֹ וַיַּעַשׂ כֹּל אֲשֶׁר אָמָר · va-yishma moshe le-qol chotn-o va-yaas kol asher amar · And Moses heard the voice of his father-in-law — and did all that he had said.
וַיִּשְׁמַ֥ע מֹשֶׁ֖ה לְק֣וֹל חֹתְנ֑וֹ · va-yishma moshe le-qol chotn-o · and Moses heard the voice of his father-in-law (etnachta on chotn-o) [VERIFIED: SNAPSHOT Exod.18.24 idx3 etnachta in-stream]
וַיַּ֕עַשׂ כֹּ֖ל אֲשֶׁ֥ר אָמָֽר · va-yaas kol asher amar · and did all that he had said (verse-final amar) [VERIFIED: SNAPSHOT Exod.18.24 idx4-7]
| operator | expression | Hebrew anchor | cites | confidence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| RESULT | RESULT: HOLDS(shema_be_qoli_iatzkha, t1) = RESULT: HOLDS(hear-in-qoli-iatzkha, t1) THE HEEDING [EX18-12 CROWN]. va-YISHMA moshe LE-QOL chotno — 'and Moses HEARD THE VOICE of his father-in-law': the card POPS on the hear-verb that opened the chapter (18:1 Jethro heard of Israel; 18:24 Moses hears Jethro: the chapter rings closed ear to ear) — and the voice-word is written FULL (VERIFIED skeleton; the Ramah's rule: every Torah voice-form full but five — the voice Moses obeys carries its whole letter); va-YAAS KOL ASHER AMAR — 'and DID ALL that he had said' (asserted): the compliance-formula, unqualified (the machine files the credential in reverse: the prophet who relays God's law takes a man's advice whole — the readings on which parts waited for God's ratification, named-only, riding 18:23's gate). | וַיִּשְׁמַע מֹשֶׁה לְקוֹל חֹתְנוֹ וַיַּעַשׂ כֹּל אֲשֶׁר אָמָר · va-yishma moshe le-qol chotn-o va-yaas kol asher amar = and-yishma Moses voice chotn-o and-yaas all which amar | — | tested |
STEP_Ex_18_25 · Exod.18.25 · THE_JUDGES_INSTALLED
וַיִּבְחַר מֹשֶׁה אַנְשֵׁי־חַיִל מִכָּל־יִשְׂרָאֵל וַיִּתֵּן אֹתָם רָאשִׁים עַל־הָעָם שָׂרֵי אֲלָפִים שָׂרֵי מֵאוֹת שָׂרֵי חֲמִשִּׁים וְשָׂרֵי עֲשָׂרֹת · va-yivchar moshe anshe-chayil mi-kal-yisrael va-yiten et-m rashim al-ha-am sare alafim sare meot sare chamishim ve-sare asarot · And Moses chose men of worth out of all Israel, and gave them heads over the people — princes of thousands, princes of hundreds, princes of fifties, and princes of tens.
וַיִּבְחַ֨ר מֹשֶׁ֤ה אַנְשֵׁי חַ֨יִל֙ מִכָּל יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל וַיִּתֵּ֥ן אֹתָ֛ם רָאשִׁ֖ים עַל הָעָ֑ם · va-yivchar moshe anshe-chayil mi-kal-yisrael va-yiten et-m rashim al-ha-am · and Moses chose men of worth out of all Israel, and gave them heads over the people (etnachta on ha-am) [VERIFIED: SNAPSHOT Exod.18.25 idx10 etnachta in-stream]
שָׂרֵ֤י אֲלָפִים֙ שָׂרֵ֣י מֵא֔וֹת שָׂרֵ֥י חֲמִשִּׁ֖ים וְשָׂרֵ֥י עֲשָׂרֹֽת · sare alafim sare meot sare chamishim ve-sare asarot · princes of thousands, princes of hundreds, princes of fifties, and princes of tens (verse-final asarot) [VERIFIED: SNAPSHOT Exod.18.25 idx11-18]
| operator | expression | Hebrew anchor | cites | confidence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PRECONDITION_STATE | HOLDS(va_yiten_otam_rashim, t0) = HOLDS(and-yiten-otam-heads, t0) THE INSTALLATION [EX18-12]. va-YIVCHAR moshe anshe-CHAYIL mi-kol- yisrael — 'and Moses CHOSE men of WORTH out of all Israel' (the machine notes the delta against the spec: 18:21 listed FOUR qualifications; the execution names ONE — worth (the readings: only that grade was found in supply; the spec-versus-delivery seam, named-only — the corpus files the shortfall as data, not failure); va-yiten otam RASHIM al-ha-am — 'and gave them HEADS over the people': the appointment executed; sare alafim, meot, chamishim, asarot — the four-tier pyramid stood up verbatim (the tens LEAN again, the hundreds FULL — VERIFIED at the build: the roster's letters keep their discipline through the repetition). | וַיִּבְחַר מֹשֶׁה אַנְשֵׁי־חַיִל מִכָּל־יִשְׂרָאֵל וַיִּתֵּן אֹתָם רָאשִׁים · va-yivchar moshe anshe-chayil mi-kal-yisrael va-yiten et-m rashim = and-yivchar Moses anshe-chayil from-kal-yisrael and-yiten m heads | — | tested |
STEP_Ex_18_26 · Exod.18.26 · THE_HARD_TO_MOSES
וְשָׁפְטוּ אֶת־הָעָם בְּכָל־עֵת אֶת־הַדָּבָר הַקָּשֶׁה יְבִיאוּן אֶל־מֹשֶׁה וְכָל־הַדָּבָר הַקָּטֹן יִשְׁפּוּטוּ הֵם · ve-shaftu et-ha-am be-khal-et et-ha-davar ha-qashe yeviu-n el-moshe ve-khal-ha-davar ha-qaton yishputu hem · And they judged the people at every time; the hard matter they would bring to Moses, and every small matter they would judge themselves.
וְשָׁפְט֥וּ אֶת הָעָ֖ם בְּכָל עֵ֑ת · ve-shaftu et-ha-am be-khal-et · and they judged the people at every time (etnachta on et) [VERIFIED: SNAPSHOT Exod.18.26 idx4 etnachta in-stream]
אֶת הַדָּבָ֤ר הַקָּשֶׁה֙ יְבִיא֣וּן אֶל מֹשֶׁ֔ה וְכָל הַדָּבָ֥ר הַקָּטֹ֖ן יִשְׁפּוּט֥וּ הֵֽם · et-ha-davar ha-qashe yeviu-n el-moshe ve-khal-ha-davar ha-qaton yishputu hem · the hard matter they would bring to Moses, and every small matter they would judge themselves (verse-final hem) [VERIFIED: SNAPSHOT Exod.18.26 idx5-15]
| operator | expression | Hebrew anchor | cites | confidence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PRECONDITION_STATE | HOLDS(yishputu_hem, t0) = HOLDS(yishputu-hem, t0) THE PRACTICE [EX18-13 CROWN]. ve-shaftu et-ha-am be-khol-et — the standing docket (the judge-verb's run through the chapter closes here); et-ha-davar ha-QASHE yeviun el-moshe — 'the HARD matter to Moses' (the Kitzur's wire: the HARD matter beside the STIFF neck, Deut 31:27 — 'Moses judged the cases of the stiff-necked'; and the delta named: 18:22 routed the GREAT matter up, 18:26 routes the HARD — the readings on size versus difficulty, named-only: practice re- sorted the docket by what actually needs the prophet); ve-khol-ha- davar ha-qaton YISHPUTU hem — and the judging-verb comes back GROWN A VAV (VERIFIED: the long spelling Torah-unique, against 18:22's lean twin in the same clause — MS climbing the grammarians for its long-stressed reading, the Mikhlol twice): the machine files the letter where it landed: the verb gained its vav in the verse where the judging became real. | וְכָל־הַדָּבָר הַקָּטֹן יִשְׁפּוּטוּ הֵם · ve-khal-ha-davar ha-qaton yishputu hem = and-khal-the-davar the-qaton yishputu hem | — | tested |
STEP_Ex_18_27 · Exod.18.27 · THE_SEND_OFF
וַיְשַׁלַּח מֹשֶׁה אֶת־חֹתְנוֹ וַיֵּלֶךְ לוֹ אֶל־אַרְצוֹ · va-yeshalach moshe et-chotn-o va-yelekh l-o el-artz-o · And Moses sent his father-in-law away — and he went him to his land.
וַיְשַׁלַּ֥ח מֹשֶׁ֖ה אֶת חֹתְנ֑וֹ · va-yeshalach moshe et-chotn-o · and Moses sent his father-in-law away (etnachta on chotn-o) [VERIFIED: SNAPSHOT Exod.18.27 idx3 etnachta in-stream]
וַיֵּ֥לֶךְ ל֖וֹ אֶל אַרְצֽוֹ · va-yelekh l-o el-artz-o · and he went him to his land (verse-final artz-o) [VERIFIED: SNAPSHOT Exod.18.27 idx4-7]
| operator | expression | Hebrew anchor | cites | confidence |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PRECONDITION_STATE | HOLDS(va_yelekh_lo_el_artzo, t0) = HOLDS(and-yelekh-not-to-artzo, t0) THE DEPARTURE. va-YESHALACH moshe et-chotno — 'and Moses SENT his father-in-law away' (the send-verb that ran the exodus — shalach, nine chapters of let-My-people-go — spent here on a blessing-bearing guest: the machine notes the verb's gentlest station in the book); va-YELEKH LO el-ARTZO — 'and he went HIM to his land': the reflexive going (the readings hear lekh-lekha's shadow — the go-for-yourself of Gen 12:1 echoed in a Midianite's homeward turn; and the Mekhilta's errand: 'he went to convert his family' — named-only): the corpus closes the visit in the chapter it opened — the counselor arrives hearing and leaves heard, and the courts he drew stay standing behind him. | וַיֵּלֶךְ לוֹ אֶל־אַרְצוֹ · va-yelekh l-o el-artz-o = and-yelekh l-o to-artz-o | — | tested |
Scenarios (the unit's own test suite)
| id | title | given | expect | anchor |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| S1 | after STEP_Ex_18_1 — Jethro hears | And Jethro, priest of Midian, Moses' father-in-law, heard all that God had done for Moses and for Israel His people — that the LORD had brought Israel out from Egypt. | no test, no name. | וַיִּשְׁמַ֞ע יִתְר֨וֹ כֹהֵ֤ן מִדְיָן֙ · va-yishma yitro khohen midyan = and-yishma yitro khohen midyan |
| S2 | after STEP_Ex_18_2 — after her sending | And Jethro, Moses' father-in-law, took Zipporah, Moses' wife — after her being sent away. | no test, no name. | וַיִּקַּ֗ח יִתְרוֹ֙ חֹתֵ֣ן מֹשֶׁ֔ה · va-yiqach yitro choten moshe = and-yiqach yitro choten Moses |
| S3 | after STEP_Ex_18_3 — Gershom | And her two sons — of whom the name of the one was Gershom, for he said: A stranger have I been in a foreign land. | no test, no name. | וְאֵ֖ת שְׁנֵ֣י בָנֶ֑יהָ אֲשֶׁ֨ר · ve-et shene vane-ha asher = and shene vane-the which |
| S4 | after STEP_Ex_18_4 — Eliezer | And the name of the one was Eliezer — for the God of my father was my help, and delivered me from the sword of Pharaoh. | no test, no name. | וְשֵׁ֥ם הָאֶחָ֖ד אֱלִיעֶ֑זֶר כִּֽי · ve-shem ha-echad eliezer ki- = and-shem the-echad eliezer when |
| S5 | after STEP_Ex_18_5 — to the mount of God | And Jethro, Moses' father-in-law, came, and his sons and his wife, to Moses — to the wilderness where he was camping, the mount of God. | no test, no name. | וַיָּבֹ֞א יִתְר֨וֹ חֹתֵ֥ן מֹשֶׁ֛ה · va-yavo yitro choten moshe = and-yavo yitro choten Moses |
| S6 | after STEP_Ex_18_6 — I, your father-in-law | And he said to Moses: I, your father-in-law Jethro, am coming to you — and your wife, and her two sons with her. | no test, no name. | וַיֹּ֨אמֶר֙ אֶל מֹשֶׁ֔ה אֲנִ֛י · va-yomer el-moshe ani = and-yomer to-Moses ani |
| S7 | after STEP_Ex_18_7 — the greeting | And Moses went out to meet his father-in-law, and bowed, and kissed him, and they asked each man his fellow of peace — and they came into the tent. | no test, no name. | וַיֵּצֵ֨א מֹשֶׁ֜ה לִקְרַ֣את חֹֽתְנ֗וֹ · va-yetze moshe li-qerat chotn-o = and-yetze Moses to-me-qerat chotn-o |
| S8 | after STEP_Ex_18_8 — Moses recounts | And Moses recounted to his father-in-law all that the LORD had done to Pharaoh and to Egypt on account of Israel; all the travail that had found them on the way — and the LORD delivered them. | no test, no name. | וַיְסַפֵּ֤ר מֹשֶׁה֙ לְחֹ֣תְנ֔וֹ אֵת֩ · va-yesaper moshe le-chotn-o et = and-yesaper Moses to-chotn-o et |
| S9 | after STEP_Ex_18_9 — Jethro rejoices | And Jethro rejoiced over all the good which the LORD had done for Israel — that He had delivered him from the hand of Egypt. | no test, no name. | וַיִּ֣חַדְּ יִתְר֔וֹ עַ֚ל כָּל · va-yichad yitro al kal- = and-yichad yitro upon kal |
| S10 | after STEP_Ex_18_10 — blessed be the LORD | And Jethro said: Blessed be the LORD, who delivered you from the hand of Egypt and from the hand of Pharaoh — who delivered the people from under the hand of Egypt. | no test, no name. | וַיֹּאמֶר֮ יִתְרוֹ֒ בָּר֣וּךְ יְהוָ֔ה · va-yomer yitro barukh YHWH = and-yomer yitro barukh the-LORD |
| S11 | after STEP_Ex_18_11 — now I know | Now I know that the LORD is greater than all the gods — for in the thing in which they dealt proudly, against them. | no test, no name. | עַתָּ֣ה יָדַ֔עְתִּי כִּֽי גָד֥וֹל · ata yadati ki-gadol = ata yadati when-gadol |
| S12 | after STEP_Ex_18_12 — the meal before God | And Jethro, Moses' father-in-law, took a burnt-offering and sacrifices for God; and Aaron came, and all the elders of Israel, to eat bread with Moses' father-in-law before God. | no test, no name. | וַיִּקַּ֞ח יִתְר֨וֹ חֹתֵ֥ן מֹשֶׁ֛ה · va-yiqach yitro choten moshe = and-yiqach yitro choten Moses |
| S13 | after STEP_Ex_18_13 — the court day | And it was on the morrow, that Moses sat to judge the people; and the people stood over Moses from the morning until the evening. | no test, no name. | וַיְהִי֙ מִֽמָּחֳרָ֔ת וַיֵּ֥שֶׁב מֹשֶׁ֖ה · va-yehi mi-machorat va-yeshev moshe = and-yehi from-machorat and-yeshev Moses |
| S14 | after STEP_Ex_18_14 — why alone | And Moses' father-in-law saw all that he was doing for the people — and he said: What is this thing that you are doing for the people? Why do you sit alone, and all the people stand over you from morning until evening? | no test, no name. | וַיַּרְא֙ חֹתֵ֣ן מֹשֶׁ֔ה אֵ֛ת · va-yar choten moshe et = and-yar choten Moses et |
| S15 | after STEP_Ex_18_15 — to seek God | And Moses said to his father-in-law — because the people come to me to seek God. | no test, no name. | וַיֹּ֥אמֶר מֹשֶׁ֖ה לְחֹתְנ֑וֹ כִּֽי · va-yomer moshe le-chotn-o ki- = and-yomer Moses to-chotn-o when |
| S16 | after STEP_Ex_18_16 — statutes and torahs | When they have a matter, it comes to me, and I judge between a man and his fellow — and I make known the statutes of God, and His torahs. | no test, no name. | כִּֽי יִהְיֶ֨ה לָהֶ֤ם דָּבָר֙ · ki-yihye la-hem davar = when-yihye to-hem davar |
| S17 | after STEP_Ex_18_17 — not good | And Moses' father-in-law said to him: Not good is the thing that you are doing. | no test, no name. | וַיֹּ֛אמֶר חֹתֵ֥ן מֹשֶׁ֖ה אֵלָ֑יו · va-yomer choten moshe elay-v = and-yomer choten Moses elay-v |
| S18 | after STEP_Ex_18_18 — you will wilt | You will surely wilt — both you and this people that is with you; for the thing is too heavy for you — you cannot do it alone. | no test, no name. | נָבֹ֣ל תִּבֹּ֔ל גַּם אַתָּ֕ה · navol tibol gam-ata = navol tibol also-ata |
| S19 | after STEP_Ex_18_19 — hear my voice | Now hear my voice — I will counsel you, and God be with you; be you for the people toward God, and bring you the matters to God. | LET(shema_be_qoli_iatzkha) pushed and OPEN; no test, no name. = LET(hear-in-qoli-iatzkha) pushed and OPEN; no test, no name. | עַתָּ֞ה שְׁמַ֤ע בְּקֹלִי֙ אִיעָ֣צְךָ֔ · ata shema be-qoli-y iatz-kha = ata hear in-qoli-y iatz-kha |
| S20 | after STEP_Ex_18_20 — warn and teach | And you shall warn them of the statutes and the torahs — and make known to them the way they shall walk in, and the deed they shall do. | LET(shema_be_qoli_iatzkha) pushed and OPEN; no test, no name. = LET(hear-in-qoli-iatzkha) pushed and OPEN; no test, no name. | וְהִזְהַרְתָּ֣ה אֶתְהֶ֔ם אֶת הַחֻקִּ֖ים · ve-hizharta et-hem et-ha-chuqim = and-hizharta hem the-chuqim |
| S21 | after STEP_Ex_18_21 — men of worth | And you shall see out of all the people men of worth, fearers of God, men of truth, haters of gain — and set over them princes of thousands, princes of hundreds, princes of fifties, and princes of tens. | LET(shema_be_qoli_iatzkha) pushed and OPEN; no test, no name. = LET(hear-in-qoli-iatzkha) pushed and OPEN; no test, no name. | וְאַתָּ֣ה תֶחֱזֶ֣ה מִכָּל הָ֠עָם · ve-ata techeze mi-kal-ha-am = and-ata techeze from-kal-the-am |
| S22 | after STEP_Ex_18_22 — great and small | And they shall judge the people at every time; and it shall be: every great matter they shall bring to you, and every small matter they shall judge themselves — and lighten it from off you, and they shall bear with you. | LET(shema_be_qoli_iatzkha) pushed and OPEN; no test, no name. = LET(hear-in-qoli-iatzkha) pushed and OPEN; no test, no name. | וְשָׁפְט֣וּ אֶת הָעָם֮ בְּכָל · ve-shaftu et-ha-am be-khal- = and-shaftu the-am in-khal |
| S23 | after STEP_Ex_18_23 — to its place in peace | If you do this thing, and God command you, then you will be able to stand — and also all this people will come to its place in peace. | LET(shema_be_qoli_iatzkha) pushed and OPEN; no test, no name. = LET(hear-in-qoli-iatzkha) pushed and OPEN; no test, no name. | אִ֣ם אֶת הַדָּבָ֤ר הַזֶּה֙ · im et-ha-davar ha-ze = if the-davar the-ze |
| S24 | after STEP_Ex_18_24 — Moses hears | And Moses heard the voice of his father-in-law — and did all that he had said. | no test, no name. | וַיִּשְׁמַ֥ע מֹשֶׁ֖ה לְק֣וֹל חֹתְנ֑וֹ · va-yishma moshe le-qol chotn-o = and-yishma Moses voice chotn-o |
| S25 | after STEP_Ex_18_25 — the judges installed | And Moses chose men of worth out of all Israel, and gave them heads over the people — princes of thousands, princes of hundreds, princes of fifties, and princes of tens. | no test, no name. | וַיִּבְחַ֨ר מֹשֶׁ֤ה אַנְשֵׁי חַ֨יִל֙ · va-yivchar moshe anshe-chayil = and-yivchar Moses anshe-chayil |
| S26 | after STEP_Ex_18_26 — the hard to Moses | And they judged the people at every time; the hard matter they would bring to Moses, and every small matter they would judge themselves. | no test, no name. | וְשָׁפְט֥וּ אֶת הָעָ֖ם בְּכָל · ve-shaftu et-ha-am be-khal- = and-shaftu the-am in-khal |
| S27 | after STEP_Ex_18_27 — the send-off | And Moses sent his father-in-law away — and he went him to his land. | no test, no name. | וַיְשַׁלַּ֥ח מֹשֶׁ֖ה אֶת חֹתְנ֑וֹ · va-yeshalach moshe et-chotn-o = and-yeshalach Moses chotn-o |
Machine verification — run_unit.py (computed live, not stored)
unit: exo_18_jethro_and_the_judges — Jethro and the judges (18:1-27) [frozen]
final state: WORLD=[] (+0 presupposed) | REGISTRY={} | TESTS=0 PASS | LEDGER days=[] | FLAGS=[]
=== S1 — after STEP_Ex_18_1 — Jethro hears
וַיִּשְׁמַ֞ע יִתְר֨וֹ כֹהֵ֤ן מִדְיָן֙ (va-yishma yitro khohen midyan)
PASS no test, no name. (tests=0 names=0)
=== S2 — after STEP_Ex_18_2 — after her sending
וַיִּקַּ֗ח יִתְרוֹ֙ חֹתֵ֣ן מֹשֶׁ֔ה (va-yiqach yitro choten moshe)
PASS no test, no name. (tests=0 names=0)
=== S3 — after STEP_Ex_18_3 — Gershom
וְאֵ֖ת שְׁנֵ֣י בָנֶ֑יהָ אֲשֶׁ֨ר (ve-et shene vane-ha asher)
PASS no test, no name. (tests=0 names=0)
=== S4 — after STEP_Ex_18_4 — Eliezer
וְשֵׁ֥ם הָאֶחָ֖ד אֱלִיעֶ֑זֶר כִּֽי (ve-shem ha-echad eliezer ki-)
PASS no test, no name. (tests=0 names=0)
=== S5 — after STEP_Ex_18_5 — to the mount of God
וַיָּבֹ֞א יִתְר֨וֹ חֹתֵ֥ן מֹשֶׁ֛ה (va-yavo yitro choten moshe)
PASS no test, no name. (tests=0 names=0)
=== S6 — after STEP_Ex_18_6 — I, your father-in-law
וַיֹּ֨אמֶר֙ אֶל מֹשֶׁ֔ה אֲנִ֛י (va-yomer el-moshe ani)
PASS no test, no name. (tests=0 names=0)
=== S7 — after STEP_Ex_18_7 — the greeting
וַיֵּצֵ֨א מֹשֶׁ֜ה לִקְרַ֣את חֹֽתְנ֗וֹ (va-yetze moshe li-qerat chotn-o)
PASS no test, no name. (tests=0 names=0)
=== S8 — after STEP_Ex_18_8 — Moses recounts
וַיְסַפֵּ֤ר מֹשֶׁה֙ לְחֹ֣תְנ֔וֹ אֵת֩ (va-yesaper moshe le-chotn-o et)
PASS no test, no name. (tests=0 names=0)
=== S9 — after STEP_Ex_18_9 — Jethro rejoices
וַיִּ֣חַדְּ יִתְר֔וֹ עַ֚ל כָּל (va-yichad yitro al kal-)
PASS no test, no name. (tests=0 names=0)
=== S10 — after STEP_Ex_18_10 — blessed be the LORD
וַיֹּאמֶר֮ יִתְרוֹ֒ בָּר֣וּךְ יְהוָ֔ה (va-yomer yitro barukh YHWH)
PASS no test, no name. (tests=0 names=0)
=== S11 — after STEP_Ex_18_11 — now I know
עַתָּ֣ה יָדַ֔עְתִּי כִּֽי גָד֥וֹל (ata yadati ki-gadol)
PASS no test, no name. (tests=0 names=0)
=== S12 — after STEP_Ex_18_12 — the meal before God
וַיִּקַּ֞ח יִתְר֨וֹ חֹתֵ֥ן מֹשֶׁ֛ה (va-yiqach yitro choten moshe)
PASS no test, no name. (tests=0 names=0)
=== S13 — after STEP_Ex_18_13 — the court day
וַיְהִי֙ מִֽמָּחֳרָ֔ת וַיֵּ֥שֶׁב מֹשֶׁ֖ה (va-yehi mi-machorat va-yeshev moshe)
PASS no test, no name. (tests=0 names=0)
=== S14 — after STEP_Ex_18_14 — why alone
וַיַּרְא֙ חֹתֵ֣ן מֹשֶׁ֔ה אֵ֛ת (va-yar choten moshe et)
PASS no test, no name. (tests=0 names=0)
=== S15 — after STEP_Ex_18_15 — to seek God
וַיֹּ֥אמֶר מֹשֶׁ֖ה לְחֹתְנ֑וֹ כִּֽי (va-yomer moshe le-chotn-o ki-)
PASS no test, no name. (tests=0 names=0)
=== S16 — after STEP_Ex_18_16 — statutes and torahs
כִּֽי יִהְיֶ֨ה לָהֶ֤ם דָּבָר֙ (ki-yihye la-hem davar)
PASS no test, no name. (tests=0 names=0)
=== S17 — after STEP_Ex_18_17 — not good
וַיֹּ֛אמֶר חֹתֵ֥ן מֹשֶׁ֖ה אֵלָ֑יו (va-yomer choten moshe elay-v)
PASS no test, no name. (tests=0 names=0)
=== S18 — after STEP_Ex_18_18 — you will wilt
נָבֹ֣ל תִּבֹּ֔ל גַּם אַתָּ֕ה (navol tibol gam-ata)
PASS no test, no name. (tests=0 names=0)
=== S19 — after STEP_Ex_18_19 — hear my voice
עַתָּ֞ה שְׁמַ֤ע בְּקֹלִי֙ אִיעָ֣צְךָ֔ (ata shema be-qoli-y iatz-kha)
PASS LET(shema_be_qoli_iatzkha) pushed and OPEN (queue=['shema_be_qoli_iatzkha'])
PASS no test, no name. (tests=0 names=0)
=== S20 — after STEP_Ex_18_20 — warn and teach
וְהִזְהַרְתָּ֣ה אֶתְהֶ֔ם אֶת הַחֻקִּ֖ים (ve-hizharta et-hem et-ha-chuqim)
PASS LET(shema_be_qoli_iatzkha) pushed and OPEN (queue=['shema_be_qoli_iatzkha'])
PASS no test, no name. (tests=0 names=0)
=== S21 — after STEP_Ex_18_21 — men of worth
וְאַתָּ֣ה תֶחֱזֶ֣ה מִכָּל הָ֠עָם (ve-ata techeze mi-kal-ha-am)
PASS LET(shema_be_qoli_iatzkha) pushed and OPEN (queue=['shema_be_qoli_iatzkha'])
PASS no test, no name. (tests=0 names=0)
=== S22 — after STEP_Ex_18_22 — great and small
וְשָׁפְט֣וּ אֶת הָעָם֮ בְּכָל (ve-shaftu et-ha-am be-khal-)
PASS LET(shema_be_qoli_iatzkha) pushed and OPEN (queue=['shema_be_qoli_iatzkha'])
PASS no test, no name. (tests=0 names=0)
=== S23 — after STEP_Ex_18_23 — to its place in peace
אִ֣ם אֶת הַדָּבָ֤ר הַזֶּה֙ (im et-ha-davar ha-ze)
PASS LET(shema_be_qoli_iatzkha) pushed and OPEN (queue=['shema_be_qoli_iatzkha'])
PASS no test, no name. (tests=0 names=0)
=== S24 — after STEP_Ex_18_24 — Moses hears
וַיִּשְׁמַ֥ע מֹשֶׁ֖ה לְק֣וֹל חֹתְנ֑וֹ (va-yishma moshe le-qol chotn-o)
PASS no test, no name. (tests=0 names=0)
=== S25 — after STEP_Ex_18_25 — the judges installed
וַיִּבְחַ֨ר מֹשֶׁ֤ה אַנְשֵׁי חַ֨יִל֙ (va-yivchar moshe anshe-chayil)
PASS no test, no name. (tests=0 names=0)
=== S26 — after STEP_Ex_18_26 — the hard to Moses
וְשָׁפְט֥וּ אֶת הָעָ֖ם בְּכָל (ve-shaftu et-ha-am be-khal-)
PASS no test, no name. (tests=0 names=0)
=== S27 — after STEP_Ex_18_27 — the send-off
וַיְשַׁלַּ֥ח מֹשֶׁ֖ה אֶת חֹתְנ֑וֹ (va-yeshalach moshe et-chotn-o)
PASS no test, no name. (tests=0 names=0)
ALL SCENARIOS GREEN
Python rendering — the unit as a program
#!/usr/bin/env python3
# =============================================================================
# exo_18_jethro_and_the_judges — 18:1-27
# PYTHON RENDERING — GENERATED from the FROZEN YAML by render_unit_py.py.
# The YAML (logic/units/exo_18_jethro_and_the_judges.yaml) is CANONICAL
# (Pre-Code); this file is a derived, runnable rendering. Do not edit —
# regenerate. The assertion block at the bottom is baked from the Stage D
# interpreter's actual final state: running this file re-proves the unit.
# Experimental model — not binding religious law.
# =============================================================================
"""Jethro and the judges (18:1-27)"""
from machine import Machine
m = Machine("exo_18_jethro_and_the_judges")
# -------------------------- Exod.18.1 · JETHRO_HEARS -----------------------
# וַיִּשְׁמַע יִתְרוֹ כֹהֵן מִדְיָן חֹתֵן מֹשֶׁה אֵת כָּל־אֲשֶׁר עָשָׂה
# אֱלֹהִים לְמֹשֶׁה וּלְיִשְׂרָאֵל עַמּוֹ כִּי־הוֹצִיא יְהוָה אֶת־יִשְׂרָאֵל
# מִמִּצְרָיִם
# "[EN-AID] And Jethro, priest of Midian, Moses' father-in-law, heard all
# that God had done for Moses and for Israel His people — that the LORD had
# brought Israel out from Egypt."
m.step("Exod.18.1")
# ‹וַיִּשְׁמַע יִתְרוֹ כֹהֵן מִדְיָן חֹתֵן מֹשֶׁה› (“and-hear Jethro priest
# Midian give-away-in-marriage Moses”) — fact holds: and-hear-Jethro
m.fact("va_yishma_yitro")
# -------------------------- Exod.18.2 · AFTER_HER_SENDING ------------------
# וַיִּקַּח יִתְרוֹ חֹתֵן מֹשֶׁה אֶת־צִפֹּרָה אֵשֶׁת מֹשֶׁה אַחַר
# שִׁלּוּחֶיהָ
# "[EN-AID] And Jethro, Moses' father-in-law, took Zipporah, Moses' wife —
# after her being sent away."
m.step("Exod.18.2")
# ‹אֶת־צִפֹּרָה אֵשֶׁת מֹשֶׁה אַחַר שִׁלּוּחֶיהָ› (“obj-marker Zipporah
# woman Moses after dismissal-her/its”) — fact holds: after-shilucheha
m.fact("achar_shilucheha")
# -------------------------- Exod.18.3 · GERSHOM ----------------------------
# וְאֵת שְׁנֵי בָנֶיהָ אֲשֶׁר שֵׁם הָאֶחָד גֵּרְשֹׁם כִּי אָמַר גֵּר
# הָיִיתִי בְּאֶרֶץ נָכְרִיָּה
# "[EN-AID] And her two sons — of whom the name of the one was Gershom, for
# he said: A stranger have I been in a foreign land."
m.step("Exod.18.3")
# ‹הָאֶחָד גֵּרְשֹׁם כִּי אָמַר גֵּר הָיִיתִי בְּאֶרֶץ נָכְרִיָּה› (“the-one
# Gershom that say sojourner be in-earth strange”) — fact holds: sojourner-
# be-in-earth-strange
m.fact("ger_hayiti_be_eretz_nakhriya")
# -------------------------- Exod.18.4 · ELIEZER ----------------------------
# וְשֵׁם הָאֶחָד אֱלִיעֶזֶר כִּי־אֱלֹהֵי אָבִי בְּעֶזְרִי וַיַּצִּלֵנִי
# מֵחֶרֶב פַּרְעֹה
# "[EN-AID] And the name of the one was Eliezer — for the God of my father
# was my help, and delivered me from the sword of Pharaoh."
m.step("Exod.18.4")
# ‹כִּי־אֱלֹהֵי אָבִי בְּעֶזְרִי וַיַּצִּלֵנִי מֵחֶרֶב פַּרְעֹה› (“that God
# father-me/my in-aid-me/my and-snatch-away-me/my from-drought Pharaoh”) —
# fact holds: God-avi-in-ezri
m.fact("elohe_avi_be_ezri")
# -------------------------- Exod.18.5 · TO_THE_MOUNT_OF_GOD ----------------
# וַיָּבֹא יִתְרוֹ חֹתֵן מֹשֶׁה וּבָנָיו וְאִשְׁתּוֹ אֶל־מֹשֶׁה
# אֶל־הַמִּדְבָּר אֲשֶׁר־הוּא חֹנֶה שָׁם הַר הָאֱלֹהִים
# "[EN-AID] And Jethro, Moses' father-in-law, came, and his sons and his
# wife, to Moses — to the wilderness where he was camping, the mount of
# God."
m.step("Exod.18.5")
# ‹אֶל־הַמִּדְבָּר אֲשֶׁר־הוּא חֹנֶה שָׁם הַר הָאֱלֹהִים› (“to the-pasture
# which he/it encamp there mountain the-God”) — fact holds: to-mountain-the-
# God
m.fact("el_har_ha_elohim")
# -------------------------- Exod.18.6 · I_YOUR_FATHER_IN_LAW ---------------
# וַיֹּאמֶר אֶל־מֹשֶׁה אֲנִי חֹתֶנְךָ יִתְרוֹ בָּא אֵלֶיךָ וְאִשְׁתְּךָ
# וּשְׁנֵי בָנֶיהָ עִמָּהּ
# "[EN-AID] And he said to Moses: I, your father-in-law Jethro, am coming to
# you — and your wife, and her two sons with her."
m.step("Exod.18.6")
# ‹אֲנִי חֹתֶנְךָ יִתְרוֹ בָּא אֵלֶיךָ› (“give-away-in-marriage-you/your
# Jethro come/bring to-you/your”) — fact holds: ani-chotenkha-come/bring-to-
# you
m.fact("ani_chotenkha_ba_elekha")
# -------------------------- Exod.18.7 · THE_GREETING -----------------------
# וַיֵּצֵא מֹשֶׁה לִקְרַאת חֹתְנוֹ וַיִּשְׁתַּחוּ וַיִּשַּׁק־לוֹ
# וַיִּשְׁאֲלוּ אִישׁ־לְרֵעֵהוּ לְשָׁלוֹם וַיָּבֹאוּ הָאֹהֱלָה
# "[EN-AID] And Moses went out to meet his father-in-law, and bowed, and
# kissed him, and they asked each man his fellow of peace — and they came
# into the tent."
m.step("Exod.18.7")
# ‹וַיִּשְׁאֲלוּ אִישׁ־לְרֵעֵהוּ לְשָׁלוֹם› (“and-inquire man to-associate-
# him/its to-safe”) — fact holds: and-inquire-man-to-reehu-to-safe
m.fact("va_yishalu_ish_le_reehu_le_shalom")
# -------------------------- Exod.18.8 · MOSES_RECOUNTS ---------------------
# וַיְסַפֵּר מֹשֶׁה לְחֹתְנוֹ אֵת כָּל־אֲשֶׁר עָשָׂה יְהוָה לְפַרְעֹה
# וּלְמִצְרַיִם עַל אוֹדֹת יִשְׂרָאֵל אֵת כָּל־הַתְּלָאָה אֲשֶׁר מְצָאָתַם
# בַּדֶּרֶךְ וַיַּצִּלֵם יְהוָה
# "[EN-AID] And Moses recounted to his father-in-law all that the LORD had
# done to Pharaoh and to Egypt on account of Israel; all the travail that
# had found them on the way — and the LORD delivered them."
m.step("Exod.18.8")
# ‹וַיְסַפֵּר מֹשֶׁה לְחֹתְנוֹ› (“and-count Moses to-give-away-in-marriage-
# him/its”) — fact holds: and-count-Moses
m.fact("va_yesaper_moshe")
# -------------------------- Exod.18.9 · JETHRO_REJOICES --------------------
# וַיִּחַדְּ יִתְרוֹ עַל כָּל־הַטּוֹבָה אֲשֶׁר־עָשָׂה יְהוָה לְיִשְׂרָאֵל
# אֲשֶׁר הִצִּילוֹ מִיַּד מִצְרָיִם
# "[EN-AID] And Jethro rejoiced over all the good which the LORD had done
# for Israel — that He had delivered him from the hand of Egypt."
m.step("Exod.18.9")
# ‹וַיִּחַדְּ יִתְרוֹ› (“and-rejoice Jethro”) — fact holds: and-rejoice-
# Jethro
m.fact("va_yichad_yitro")
# -------------------------- Exod.18.10 · BLESSED_BE_THE_LORD ---------------
# וַיֹּאמֶר יִתְרוֹ בָּרוּךְ יְהוָה אֲשֶׁר הִצִּיל אֶתְכֶם מִיַּד מִצְרַיִם
# וּמִיַּד פַּרְעֹה אֲשֶׁר הִצִּיל אֶת־הָעָם מִתַּחַת יַד־מִצְרָיִם
# "[EN-AID] And Jethro said: Blessed be the LORD, who delivered you from the
# hand of Egypt and from the hand of Pharaoh — who delivered the people from
# under the hand of Egypt."
m.step("Exod.18.10")
# ‹בָּרוּךְ יְהוָה אֲשֶׁר הִצִּיל אֶתְכֶם מִיַּד מִצְרַיִם וּמִיַּד
# פַּרְעֹה› (“bless YHWH which snatch-away obj-marker-you/your(pl) from-hand
# Egypt and-from-hand Pharaoh”) — fact holds: bless-the-LORD
m.fact("barukh_YHWH")
# -------------------------- Exod.18.11 · NOW_I_KNOW ------------------------
# עַתָּה יָדַעְתִּי כִּי־גָדוֹל יְהוָה מִכָּל־הָאֱלֹהִים כִּי בַדָּבָר
# אֲשֶׁר זָדוּ עֲלֵיהֶם
# "[EN-AID] Now I know that the LORD is greater than all the gods — for in
# the thing in which they dealt proudly, against them."
m.step("Exod.18.11")
# ‹עַתָּה יָדַעְתִּי כִּי־גָדוֹל יְהוָה מִכָּל־הָאֱלֹהִים› (“now know that
# great YHWH from-all the-God”) — fact holds: now-know
m.fact("ata_yadati")
# -------------------------- Exod.18.12 · THE_MEAL_BEFORE_GOD ---------------
# וַיִּקַּח יִתְרוֹ חֹתֵן מֹשֶׁה עֹלָה וּזְבָחִים לֵאלֹהִים וַיָּבֹא אַהֲרֹן
# וְכֹל זִקְנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל לֶאֱכָל־לֶחֶם עִם־חֹתֵן מֹשֶׁה לִפְנֵי הָאֱלֹהִים
# "[EN-AID] And Jethro, Moses' father-in-law, took a burnt-offering and
# sacrifices for God; and Aaron came, and all the elders of Israel, to eat
# bread with Moses' father-in-law before God."
m.step("Exod.18.12")
# ‹וַיִּקַּח יִתְרוֹ חֹתֵן מֹשֶׁה עֹלָה וּזְבָחִים לֵאלֹהִים› (“and-take
# Jethro give-away-in-marriage Moses burnt-offering and-sacrifice to-God”) —
# event: zevach-Jethro — agent Jethro; theme burnt-offering-and-zvachim
m.event("zevach_yitro", agent="yitro", themes=["ola_u_zvachim"])
# -------------------------- Exod.18.13 · THE_COURT_DAY ---------------------
# וַיְהִי מִמָּחֳרָת וַיֵּשֶׁב מֹשֶׁה לִשְׁפֹּט אֶת־הָעָם וַיַּעֲמֹד הָעָם
# עַל־מֹשֶׁה מִן־הַבֹּקֶר עַד־הָעָרֶב
# "[EN-AID] And it was on the morrow, that Moses sat to judge the people;
# and the people stood over Moses from the morning until the evening."
m.step("Exod.18.13")
# ‹וַיַּעֲמֹד הָעָם עַל־מֹשֶׁה מִן־הַבֹּקֶר עַד־הָעָרֶב› (“and-stand the-
# people over Moses from the-morning until the-evening”) — fact holds: and-
# dwell/sit-Moses-lishpot
m.fact("va_yeshev_moshe_lishpot")
# -------------------------- Exod.18.14 · WHY_ALONE -------------------------
# וַיַּרְא חֹתֵן מֹשֶׁה אֵת כָּל־אֲשֶׁר־הוּא עֹשֶׂה לָעָם וַיֹּאמֶר
# מָה־הַדָּבָר הַזֶּה אֲשֶׁר אַתָּה עֹשֶׂה לָעָם מַדּוּעַ אַתָּה יוֹשֵׁב
# לְבַדֶּךָ וְכָל־הָעָם נִצָּב עָלֶיךָ מִן־בֹּקֶר עַד־עָרֶב
# "[EN-AID] And Moses' father-in-law saw all that he was doing for the
# people — and he said: What is this thing that you are doing for the
# people? Why do you sit alone, and all the people stand over you from
# morning until evening?"
m.step("Exod.18.14")
# ‹מַדּוּעַ אַתָּה יוֹשֵׁב לְבַדֶּךָ› (“what-known? you dwell/sit to-
# separation-you/your”) — fact holds: what-known?-now-dwell/sit-levadekha
m.fact("madua_ata_yoshev_levadekha")
# -------------------------- Exod.18.15 · TO_SEEK_GOD -----------------------
# וַיֹּאמֶר מֹשֶׁה לְחֹתְנוֹ כִּי־יָבֹא אֵלַי הָעָם לִדְרֹשׁ אֱלֹהִים
# "[EN-AID] And Moses said to his father-in-law — because the people come to
# me to seek God."
m.step("Exod.18.15")
# ‹כִּי־יָבֹא אֵלַי הָעָם לִדְרֹשׁ אֱלֹהִים› (“that come/bring to-me/my the-
# people to-tread God”) — fact holds: lidrosh-God
m.fact("lidrosh_elohim")
# -------------------------- Exod.18.16 · STATUTES_AND_TORAHS ---------------
# כִּי־יִהְיֶה לָהֶם דָּבָר בָּא אֵלַי וְשָׁפַטְתִּי בֵּין אִישׁ וּבֵין
# רֵעֵהוּ וְהוֹדַעְתִּי אֶת־חֻקֵּי הָאֱלֹהִים וְאֶת־תּוֹרֹתָיו
# "[EN-AID] When they have a matter, it comes to me, and I judge between a
# man and his fellow — and I make known the statutes of God, and His
# torahs."
m.step("Exod.18.16")
# ‹וְהוֹדַעְתִּי אֶת־חֻקֵּי הָאֱלֹהִים וְאֶת־תּוֹרֹתָיו› (“and-know obj-
# marker enactment the-God and-obj-marker precept-him/its”) — fact holds:
# and-know-obj-marker-enactment-the-God
m.fact("ve_hodati_et_chuqe_ha_elohim")
# -------------------------- Exod.18.17 · NOT_GOOD --------------------------
# וַיֹּאמֶר חֹתֵן מֹשֶׁה אֵלָיו לֹא־טוֹב הַדָּבָר אֲשֶׁר אַתָּה עֹשֶׂה
# "[EN-AID] And Moses' father-in-law said to him: Not good is the thing that
# you are doing."
m.step("Exod.18.17")
# ‹לֹא־טוֹב הַדָּבָר אֲשֶׁר אַתָּה עֹשֶׂה› (“not good the-word/thing which
# you make”) — fact holds: not-good-the-word/thing
m.fact("lo_tov_ha_davar")
# -------------------------- Exod.18.18 · YOU_WILL_WILT ---------------------
# נָבֹל תִּבֹּל גַּם־אַתָּה גַּם־הָעָם הַזֶּה אֲשֶׁר עִמָּךְ כִּי־כָבֵד
# מִמְּךָ הַדָּבָר לֹא־תוּכַל עֲשֹׂהוּ לְבַדֶּךָ
# "[EN-AID] You will surely wilt — both you and this people that is with
# you; for the thing is too heavy for you — you cannot do it alone."
m.step("Exod.18.18")
# ‹כִּי־כָבֵד מִמְּךָ הַדָּבָר לֹא־תוּכַל עֲשֹׂהוּ לְבַדֶּךָ› (“that heavy
# from-you/your the-word/thing not be-able make-him/its to-separation-
# you/your”) — fact holds: wilt-wilt
m.fact("navol_tibol")
# -------------------------- Exod.18.19 · HEAR_MY_VOICE ---------------------
# עַתָּה שְׁמַע בְּקֹלִי אִיעָצְךָ וִיהִי אֱלֹהִים עִמָּךְ הֱיֵה אַתָּה
# לָעָם מוּל הָאֱלֹהִים וְהֵבֵאתָ אַתָּה אֶת־הַדְּבָרִים אֶל־הָאֱלֹהִים
# "[EN-AID] Now hear my voice — I will counsel you, and God be with you; be
# you for the people toward God, and bring you the matters to God."
m.step("Exod.18.19")
# ‹עַתָּה שְׁמַע בְּקֹלִי אִיעָצְךָ וִיהִי אֱלֹהִים עִמָּךְ› (“now hear in-
# voice/sound-me/my advise-you/your and-be God with-you/your”) — Jethro
# speaks a demand — LET: hear-in-qoli-iatzkha
m.declare("yitro", "LET",
"shema_be_qoli_iatzkha")
# -------------------------- Exod.18.20 · WARN_AND_TEACH --------------------
# וְהִזְהַרְתָּה אֶתְהֶם אֶת־הַחֻקִּים וְאֶת־הַתּוֹרֹת וְהוֹדַעְתָּ לָהֶם
# אֶת־הַדֶּרֶךְ יֵלְכוּ בָהּ וְאֶת־הַמַּעֲשֶׂה אֲשֶׁר יַעֲשׂוּן
# "[EN-AID] And you shall warn them of the statutes and the torahs — and
# make known to them the way they shall walk in, and the deed they shall
# do."
m.step("Exod.18.20")
# ‹וְהִזְהַרְתָּה אֶתְהֶם אֶת־הַחֻקִּים וְאֶת־הַתּוֹרֹת› (“and-gleam obj-
# marker-them/their obj-marker the-enactment and-obj-marker the-precept”) —
# fact holds: and-gleam-ethem
m.fact("ve_hizharta_ethem")
# -------------------------- Exod.18.21 · MEN_OF_WORTH ----------------------
# וְאַתָּה תֶחֱזֶה מִכָּל־הָעָם אַנְשֵׁי־חַיִל יִרְאֵי אֱלֹהִים אַנְשֵׁי
# אֱמֶת שֹׂנְאֵי בָצַע וְשַׂמְתָּ עֲלֵהֶם שָׂרֵי אֲלָפִים שָׂרֵי מֵאוֹת
# שָׂרֵי חֲמִשִּׁים וְשָׂרֵי עֲשָׂרֹת
# "[EN-AID] And you shall see out of all the people men of worth, fearers of
# God, men of truth, haters of gain — and set over them princes of
# thousands, princes of hundreds, princes of fifties, and princes of tens."
m.step("Exod.18.21")
# ‹אַנְשֵׁי־חַיִל יִרְאֵי אֱלֹהִים אַנְשֵׁי אֱמֶת שֹׂנְאֵי בָצַע› (“man
# force fearing God man stability hate plunder”) — fact holds: man-force-
# fearing-God
m.fact("anshe_chayil_yire_elohim")
# -------------------------- Exod.18.22 · GREAT_AND_SMALL -------------------
# וְשָׁפְטוּ אֶת־הָעָם בְּכָל־עֵת וְהָיָה כָּל־הַדָּבָר הַגָּדֹל יָבִיאוּ
# אֵלֶיךָ וְכָל־הַדָּבָר הַקָּטֹן יִשְׁפְּטוּ־הֵם וְהָקֵל מֵעָלֶיךָ
# וְנָשְׂאוּ אִתָּךְ
# "[EN-AID] And they shall judge the people at every time; and it shall be:
# every great matter they shall bring to you, and every small matter they
# shall judge themselves — and lighten it from off you, and they shall bear
# with you."
m.step("Exod.18.22")
# ‹וְהָקֵל מֵעָלֶיךָ וְנָשְׂאוּ אִתָּךְ› (“and-be-light from-over-you/your
# and-lift/carry with-you/your”) — fact holds: and-be-light-from-alekha
m.fact("ve_haqel_me_alekha")
# -------------------------- Exod.18.23 · TO_ITS_PLACE_IN_PEACE -------------
# אִם אֶת־הַדָּבָר הַזֶּה תַּעֲשֶׂה וְצִוְּךָ אֱלֹהִים וְיָכָלְתָּ עֲמֹד
# וְגַם כָּל־הָעָם הַזֶּה עַל־מְקֹמוֹ יָבֹא בְשָׁלוֹם
# "[EN-AID] If you do this thing, and God command you, then you will be able
# to stand — and also all this people will come to its place in peace."
m.step("Exod.18.23")
# ‹וְגַם כָּל־הָעָם הַזֶּה עַל־מְקֹמוֹ יָבֹא בְשָׁלוֹם› (“and-also all the-
# people the-this over place-him/its come/bring in-safe”) — fact holds:
# over-meqomo-come/bring-and-safe
m.fact("al_meqomo_yavo_ve_shalom")
# -------------------------- Exod.18.24 · MOSES_HEARS -----------------------
# וַיִּשְׁמַע מֹשֶׁה לְקוֹל חֹתְנוֹ וַיַּעַשׂ כֹּל אֲשֶׁר אָמָר
# "[EN-AID] And Moses heard the voice of his father-in-law — and did all
# that he had said."
m.step("Exod.18.24")
# ‹וַיִּשְׁמַע מֹשֶׁה לְקוֹל חֹתְנוֹ וַיַּעַשׂ כֹּל אֲשֶׁר אָמָר› (“and-hear
# Moses to-voice/sound give-away-in-marriage-him/its and-make all which
# say”) — demand settled (popped from the queue): hear-in-qoli-iatzkha
m.result("shema_be_qoli_iatzkha", tmark="t1")
# -------------------------- Exod.18.25 · THE_JUDGES_INSTALLED --------------
# וַיִּבְחַר מֹשֶׁה אַנְשֵׁי־חַיִל מִכָּל־יִשְׂרָאֵל וַיִּתֵּן אֹתָם
# רָאשִׁים עַל־הָעָם שָׂרֵי אֲלָפִים שָׂרֵי מֵאוֹת שָׂרֵי חֲמִשִּׁים
# וְשָׂרֵי עֲשָׂרֹת
# "[EN-AID] And Moses chose men of worth out of all Israel, and gave them
# heads over the people — princes of thousands, princes of hundreds, princes
# of fifties, and princes of tens."
m.step("Exod.18.25")
# ‹וַיִּבְחַר מֹשֶׁה אַנְשֵׁי־חַיִל מִכָּל־יִשְׂרָאֵל וַיִּתֵּן אֹתָם
# רָאשִׁים› (“and-try Moses man force from-all Israel and-set obj-marker-
# them/their head”) — fact holds: and-set-otam-head
m.fact("va_yiten_otam_rashim")
# -------------------------- Exod.18.26 · THE_HARD_TO_MOSES -----------------
# וְשָׁפְטוּ אֶת־הָעָם בְּכָל־עֵת אֶת־הַדָּבָר הַקָּשֶׁה יְבִיאוּן
# אֶל־מֹשֶׁה וְכָל־הַדָּבָר הַקָּטֹן יִשְׁפּוּטוּ הֵם
# "[EN-AID] And they judged the people at every time; the hard matter they
# would bring to Moses, and every small matter they would judge themselves."
m.step("Exod.18.26")
# ‹וְכָל־הַדָּבָר הַקָּטֹן יִשְׁפּוּטוּ הֵם› (“and-all the-word/thing the-
# small judge they”) — fact holds: judge-them/their
m.fact("yishputu_hem")
# -------------------------- Exod.18.27 · THE_SEND_OFF ----------------------
# וַיְשַׁלַּח מֹשֶׁה אֶת־חֹתְנוֹ וַיֵּלֶךְ לוֹ אֶל־אַרְצוֹ
# "[EN-AID] And Moses sent his father-in-law away — and he went him to his
# land."
m.step("Exod.18.27")
# ‹וַיֵּלֶךְ לוֹ אֶל־אַרְצוֹ› (“and-go to-him/its to earth-him/its”) — fact
# holds: and-go-not-to-artzo
m.fact("va_yelekh_lo_el_artzo")
# -------------------------- machine truth (baked from the Stage D run) -------
if __name__ == "__main__":
m.report()
assert m.created_set() == set()
assert m.presupposed_set() == set()
assert m.REGISTRY["names"] == {}
assert m.REGISTRY["writes"] == 0
assert m.tests_list() == []
assert m.open_demands() == []
assert len(m.SPECS["log"]) == 1
assert sorted(m.LEDGER) == []
assert m.flag_counts() == {}
assert sorted(m.WORLD["facts"]) == sorted(['va_yishma_yitro', 'achar_shilucheha', 'ger_hayiti_be_eretz_nakhriya', 'elohe_avi_be_ezri', 'el_har_ha_elohim', 'ani_chotenkha_ba_elekha', 'va_yishalu_ish_le_reehu_le_shalom', 'va_yesaper_moshe', 'va_yichad_yitro', 'barukh_YHWH', 'ata_yadati', 'va_yeshev_moshe_lishpot', 'madua_ata_yoshev_levadekha', 'lidrosh_elohim', 've_hodati_et_chuqe_ha_elohim', 'lo_tov_ha_davar', 'navol_tibol', 've_hizharta_ethem', 'anshe_chayil_yire_elohim', 've_haqel_me_alekha', 'al_meqomo_yavo_ve_shalom', 'va_yiten_otam_rashim', 'yishputu_hem', 'va_yelekh_lo_el_artzo'])
assert m.WORLD["invariants"] == []
assert m.WORLD["partitions"] == []
assert len(m.EVENTS) == 3
print("ALL ASSERTIONS GREEN — rendering matches the frozen unit's machine truth")